1. Uhlalutyo lokubunjwa kweekhemikhali: indlela yokuhlalutya iikhemikhali, indlela yokuhlalutya izixhobo (isixhobo se-infrared CS, i-spectrometer yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo, i-zcP, njl.). ① imitha ye-Infrared CS: Hlalutya i-ferroalloys, izinto zentsimbi ekrwada, kunye nezinto ze-C kunye ne-S kwintsimbi. ②I-spectrometer yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, A1, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi kwiisampuli ezininzi. ③N-0 imitha: Uhlalutyo lwesiqulatho segesi ye-N kunye ne-O.

2. Umbhobho wentsimbi imilinganiselo yejometri kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkangeleko:
① Ukuhlolwa kobunzima bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi: i-micrometer, igeji yobukhulu be-ultrasonic, akukho ngaphantsi kweengongoma ezi-8 kuzo zombini iziphelo kwaye zirekhodwa.
② Umbhobho wensimbi ububanzi obungaphandle kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-ovality: i-caliper, i-vernier caliper, i-ring gauge, ukulinganisa indawo ephezulu kunye neyona ndawo encinci.
③Ukuhlola ubude bombhobho wentsimbi: umlinganiselo weteyiphu yentsimbi, umlinganiselo owenziwe ngesandla kunye nobude obuzenzekelayo.
④ Ukuhlola ukugoba kombhobho wentsimbi: Sebenzisa irula, inqanaba (1m), igeyiji yokuziva, kunye nocingo olubhityileyo ukulinganisa igophe ngemitha nganye kunye nokugoba kobude bonke.
⑤ Ukuhlolwa kombhobho wentsimbi ekupheleni kwe-engile ye-bevel kunye nomphetho onqabileyo: irula yesikwere kunye nepleyiti yokubamba.

3. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi: 100%
① Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo: iimeko zokukhanyisa, imigangatho, amava, iimpawu, ukujikeleza kombhobho wentsimbi.
② Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi: a. I-Ultrasonic flaw discovery UT: Inomdla kumgangatho kunye neziphene zangaphakathi zokuqhekeka kwezinto ezifanayo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Umgangatho: GB/T 5777-1996. Inqanaba: Inqanaba leC5.
b. I-Eddy yangoku yokufumanisa isiphene i-ET: (i-electromagnetic induction): ikakhulu ubuthathaka kwiziphene ezimile (umngxunya). Umgangatho: GB/T 7735-2004. Inqanaba: Inqanaba B.
c. Isuntswana leMagnetic MT kunye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwemagnethi: Uhlolo lwemagnethi lulungele ukufumanisa iziphene ezikumphezulu kunye nobuso obusondeleyo bemathiriyeli yeferromagnetic. Umgangatho: GB/T 12606-1999. Inqanaba: Inqanaba leC4
d. Ukufumanisa isiphene se-Electromagnetic ultrasonic: Akukho ndlela yokudibanisa efunekayo, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, ukukhangela isiphene sombhobho wentsimbi.
e. Uvavanyo lwe-Penetrant: i-fluorescence, umbala, ukufumanisa iziphene zomhlaba kwimibhobho yentsimbi.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kolawulo lwentsimbi: ① Uvavanyo lwe-tensile: ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa, kwaye uqikelele amandla (YS, TS) kunye nesalathiso seplastiki (A, Z) sezinto eziphathekayo. Iisampulu ezinde kunye nezinqamlezileyo, amacandelo emibhobho, imizekelo ye-arc-shaped kunye nesetyhula (￠10, ￠12.5). Umbhobho wentsimbi wodonga ububanzi obuncinane, ubukhulu obukhulu bodonga lwentsimbi yombhobho, ubude begeyiji esisigxina. Qaphela: Ubude besampulu emva kokwaphuka kunxulumene nobungakanani bomzekelo GB/T 1760.
②Uvavanyo lwempembelelo: I-CVN, i-notched C-type, uhlobo lwe-V, umsebenzi we-J ixabiso le-J / cm2. Isampulu eqhelekileyo 10×10×55 (mm) Isampuli engekho semgangathweni 5×10×55 (mm)
③Uvavanyo lobunzima: Ubulukhuni beBrinell HB, ukuqina kweRockwell HRC, Vickers ubulukhuni HV, njl.
④ Uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic: uxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa uxinzelelo, p=2Sδ/D

5. Inkqubo yokuhlola ukusebenza kombhobho wentsimbi:
① Uvavanyo lokucaba: umzekeliso ongqukuva omile okwe-C (S/D>0.15) H= (1+2)S/(∝+S/D)
L=40～100mm i-Deformation coefficient per unit ubude=0.07～0.08
② Uvavanyo lokutsala umsesane: L = 15mm, akukho zintanda, ifanelekile
③ Ukwandiswa kunye novavanyo lokugoba: i-taper yombindi ophezulu yi-30 °, 40 °, 60 °
④Uvavanyo lokugoba: lungathatha indawo yovavanyo lokucaba (kwimibhobho emikhulu edayamitha)

6. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallurgical lwepayipi yensimbi:
①Ukuhlolwa kwamandla aphezulu (uhlalutyo lwe-microscopic): i-non-metallic inclusions 100x GB/T 10561 Ubungakanani bengqolowa: ibakala, umahluko webakala. Umbutho: M, B, S, T, P, F, AS. Decarburization layer: ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Indlela A yokukala: Iklasi A - sulfide, iClass B - oxide, iClass C - silicate, D - spherical oxidation, iClass DS.
②Uvavanyo lokukhulisa okuphantsi (uhlalutyo olukhulu): iliso leze, iglasi yokukhulisa i-10x okanye ngaphantsi. a. Indlela yokuvavanya i-Acid etching. b. Indlela yokuhlola ushicilelo lwesulphur (ukuhlolwa kwetyhubhu engenanto, ebonisa ubume benkcubeko ephantsi kunye neziphene, ezifana nokukhululeka, ukwahlula, amaqamza angaphantsi kwesikhumba, ukugotywa kwesikhumba, amabala amhlophe, ukufakwa, njl. njl. iinwele, Ubude, nokwabiwa.