Xa uqala ukukhangela umbhobho wentsimbi, nokuba ngoweziko lokukhupha ityuwa, indawo yokulawula i-oyile, okanye iziko lamandla enyukliya, umbuzo wokuqala ekufuneka uzibuze wona ngowokuba “ingaba ndifuna “imibhobho” engenamthungo, edityanisiweyo, okanye etyhidiweyo? Ezi zintathu Uhlobo ngalunye luneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngoko ke lufanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha okulungileyo kwiprojekthi ethile.

Iinjineli ziya kuyazi impendulo yalo mbuzo ngokuqondayo, kodwa masithathe umzuzwana siphonononge le mibhobho ingenamthungo, imibhobho edityanisiweyo kunye nemibhobho engumbhobho kunye neempawu zayo ezahlukeneyo.

1. Umbhobho ongenamthungo

Masiqale ngombhobho ongenamthungo. Njengoko igama libonisa, umbhobho ongenamthungo ngumbhobho ongenayo nayiphi na i-seams okanye i-welds.

Uveliso kunye nesicelo:

Iityhubhu ezingenamthungo zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke ubukhulu becala kwidayamitha efunekayo, okanye umlinganiselo wobubanzi bobukhulu bodonga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokuvelisa imibhobho engenamthungo iqala ngokuphosa intsimbi ekrwada ibe yifomu enokusetyenzwa ngakumbi-ibillet eshushu eqinileyo. Emva koko uyolule kwaye uyityhale okanye uyitsale phezu kwefomu. Lo mbhobho umbhobho ke uya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo extrusion apho ngenkani ngokusebenzisa die kunye mandrel. Oku kunceda ukwandisa i-diameter yangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa i-diameter yangaphandle.

Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo uqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo olunjengamanzi, igesi yendalo, inkunkuma kunye nomoya. Ikwafuneka rhoqo kwiindawo ezininzi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iindawo ezinokonakala ezifana neoyile negesi, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye namashishini axuba amayeza.

I-advanteji:

Amandla aphezulu: Umbhobho ongenamthungo unenzuzo ecacileyo yokungabikho kwe-seams, ngoko ke akuyi kubakho buthathaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo, umbhobho ongenamthungo unokumelana ne-20% yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza kunombhobho odityanisiweyo webakala kunye nobukhulu obufanayo.
Ukuchasana okuPhezulu: Ukungabikho kwemithungo kuthetha ukuba imibhobho engenamthungo inokubonelela ngokuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion, njengoko iingxaki ezifana nokungcola kunye neziphene zinokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kwi-welds.

Uvavanyo oluncinci: Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-tubing engenamthungo ayifuni kuvavanywa ukuthembeka kwe-weld - akukho weld kuthetha ukuba akukho vavanyo!

2. Umbhobho odityanisiweyo

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zemibhobho edityanisiweyo: i-welding yangaphandle ye-diameter, i-welding yangaphakathi ye-diameter okanye i-welding ephindwe kabini. Idinomineyitha eqhelekileyo kukuba zonke zinemithungo!

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kombhobho odityanisiweyo iqala ngokuqengqeleka icoil yentsimbi ukuya kubukhulu obufunwayo ukwenza umcu osicaba okanye ipleyiti. Emva koko ihlanganiswe kwaye i-seams yombhobho obangelwayo idityaniswe kwindawo engathathi hlangothi yeekhemikhali.

Ngokuphathelele ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo, iintsimbi ze-austenitic zidla ngokudityaniswa kakhulu, ngelixa iintsimbi ze-ferritic zidibanisa amacandelo amancinci. Iintsimbi ze-Duplex ngoku zithathwa njenge-weldable ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zifuna ingqalelo ngakumbi kuneentsimbi ze-austenitic.

Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwemibhobho edityanisiweyo ithathwa njengephucuke kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyona nkqubela phambili ibalulekileyo yayiluphuhliso lweendlela zokuwelda kusetyenziswa imisinga ephezulu yefrikhwensi. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukukwazi kombhobho odityanisiweyo ukuphepha ukubola kunye nokusilela kwamalungu.

Ngelixa i-seams kwimibhobho edityanisiweyo ichanekile ngokwethiyori ukuyenza ibe buthathaka, iindlela zokuvelisa kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ziphezulu kakhulu namhlanje. Oku kuthetha ukuba okoko ubushushu obuchaziweyo kunye nonyamezelo lonyamezelo lombhobho odityanisiweyo ungagqithiswanga, akukho sizathu sokuba kutheni ungaqhubeki kakuhle nombhobho ongenamthungo kumashishini amaninzi.

Iindleko: Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zombhobho odityanisiweyo kukuba yeyona inexabiso eliphantsi kuzo zonke iindidi zemibhobho kwaye ifumaneka lula.
Ukungaguquguquki: Kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba umbhobho odityanisiweyo uhambelana kakhulu kubunzima bodonga kunombhobho ongenamthungo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuvelisa iqala ngephepha elilodwa lentsimbi.
Umgangatho womphezulu: Ukuphepha inkqubo yokukhupha kwakhona kuthetha ukuba umphezulu wemibhobho edityanisiweyo unokuba lula kunemibhobho engenamthungo.
Isantya: Umbhobho odityanisiweyo ufuna amaxesha amafutshane okukhokelela ekuthengeni ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa elula.

3. Umbhobho owenziweyo

Ukubunjwa kwentsimbi yinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi esebenzisa amandla oxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo lokubumba isinyithi.

Ukwenziwa kwemibhobho ebunjiweyo kuqala ngokubeka isiqwenga sentsimbi (nokuba yi-6% ye-molybdenum, i-super duplex, i-duplex, insimbi engenasici, i-nickel alloy) phakathi kwe-diesel ephezulu kunye nesezantsi. Intsimbi yenziwe ngobushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwimilo efunekayo kwaye emva koko igqitywe yinkqubo yomatshini ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iinkcukacha ezifunekayo.

Le nkqubo yokuvelisa inzima ibangela ukunyuka kweendleko zetyhubhu eyenziweyo.

Iingenelo ezininzi zetyhubhu eyenziweyo ithetha ukuba inezicelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neoyile kunye negesi, oomatshini behydraulic, ukuchumisa kunye neshishini lemichiza. Inyaniso yokuba intsimbi ekhandiweyo ayinayo i-seams okanye i-welds ivumela ukuba iqulethe ngempumelelo izinto ezinobungozi okanye ezinobungozi kunye nomphunga wazo. Ngoko ke, inokusetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi anzima.

Amandla aphezulu: Imibhobho eyenziweyo ngokubanzi ivelisa isiphelo esomeleleyo kwaye sithembeke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kubangela ukuba ukuhamba kweenkozo zentsimbi kutshintshe kwaye kuhambelane. Ngamanye amazwi, intsimbi iye yaphucuka kwaye isakhiwo sombhobho sitshintshile kakhulu, okubangele amandla anamandla kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu.
Ubomi obude: Ukubumba kuphelisa i-porosity enokubakho, i-shrinkage, i-cavities kunye nemiba yokugalela okubandayo.
Ezoqoqosho: Inkqubo yokubumba ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengenoqoqosho kakhulu njengoko kungekho nto ichithwayo.
Ukuguquguquka: Inkqubo yokwenza insimbi iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye inokuvelisa iibhubhu ezinobungakanani obuninzi.