Imveliso yetyhubhu engenamthungo eshushu eqengqelekayo ifuna ukufudumeza kabini ukusuka kwibillet ukuya kumbhobho wentsimbi ogqityiweyo, oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza kwebillet phambi kokugqobhoza kunye nokufudumeza umbhobho ongenanto emva kokuqengqeleka phambi kokulinganisa. Xa uvelisa iibhubhu zetsimbi ezibandayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-annealing ephakathi ukuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwemibhobho yensimbi. Nangona injongo yokufudumeza nganye yahlukile, isithando sokufudumala sinokwahluka, kodwa ukuba iiparamitha zenkqubo kunye nolawulo lokufudumeza ukufudumeza ngalunye alufanelekanga, iziphene zokufudumeza ziya kwenzeka kwi-tube engenanto (umbhobho wentsimbi) kwaye ichaphazela umgangatho wentsimbi. umbhobho.

Injongo yokufudumeza i-tube billet ngaphambi kokubhoboza kukuphucula iplastiki yentsimbi, ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwe-deformation yensimbi, kunye nokubonelela ngesakhiwo esihle se-metallographic kwi-tube eqengqelekayo. Iziko lokufudumeza elisetyenzisiweyo libandakanya i-annular heat furnaces, ukuhamba kweendawo zokufudumeza, iindawo zokufudumeza ezisezantsi kunye nezitofu zokufudumeza ngaphantsi kwemoto.

Injongo yokufudumeza umbhobho we-billet ngaphambi kokulinganisa kukunyusa kunye nokulinganisa ubushushu bombhobho ongenanto, ukuphucula iplastiki, ukulawula isakhiwo se-metallographic, kunye nokuqinisekisa iimpawu zomatshini wombhobho wensimbi. Isithando somlilo sokufudumeza ikakhulu sibandakanya ukuhamba shushu isithando somlilo, isithando somlilo esiqhubekayo sokufudumeza isithando somlilo, isithando somlilo esithambekele esisezantsi kunye nesithando sombane sokufudumeza. Umbhobho wentsimbi annealing unyango ubushushu kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka ebandayo kukuphelisa umsebenzi lukhuni isenzeko okubangelwa ukusebenza ebandayo umbhobho yentsimbi, ukunciphisa ukumelana deformation yentsimbi, kunye nokudala iimeko ukuqhubekeka processing umbhobho yentsimbi. Iziko lokufudumeza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ubushushu bomlilo ikakhulu zibandakanya ukuhamba kwezixhobo zokufudumeza, iirola eziqhubekayo zokufudumeza iziko kunye neendawo zokufudumeza ezisezantsi zemoto.

Iziphene eziqhelekileyo zokufudumeza i-tube billet engenamthungo zezi: ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kwe-tube billet, i-oxidation, i-decarburization, i-heating crack, i-overheating and overburning, njl. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho wokufudumala we-tube billets zezi: ukushisa ukushisa, isantya sokufudumala, ukufudumeza kunye nokubamba ixesha, kunye nomoya wesithando somlilo.

1. Ubushushu bobushushu be-tube billet:

Ukusebenza okuphambili kukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu, okanye ukufudumala kweqondo lokushisa akulingani. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, liya kwandisa ukuchasana kwe-deformation yensimbi kunye nokunciphisa iplastiki. Ngokukodwa xa ubushushu bokufudumala bungenakuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo se-metallographic sensimbi siguqulwa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkozo ze-austenite, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kuya kwanda ngexesha lenkqubo eshushu yokugubungela umbhobho ongenanto. Xa iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-oxidation enzima, i-decarburization kunye nokugqithisa okanye ukutshisa kakhulu kuya kwenzeka kumphezulu wetyhubhu engenanto.

2. Isantya sokufudumeza ityhubhu billet:

Isantya sokufudumala se-tube billet sihambelana ngokusondeleyo nesiganeko sokufudumeza iintanda zetyhubhu engenanto. Xa izinga lokufudumala likhawuleza kakhulu, i-tube engenanto iyakwazi ukutshisa iintanda. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba: xa iqondo lokushisa phezu komphezulu wetyhubhu elingenanto likhuphuka, kukho ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa phakathi kwetsimbi ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu engenanto kunye nentsimbi phezu komhlaba, okubangela ukwanda okungahambelaniyo kwe-thermal yentsimbi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lugqithise uxinzelelo lwe-fracture yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka; Ukufudumeza ukuqhekeka kwetyhubhu engenanto ingaba khona kumphezulu wetyhubhu engenanto okanye ngaphakathi. Xa ityhubhu engenanto kunye neengqungquthela zokufudumeza i-perforated, kulula ukwenza iifolthi okanye ukugoba kwiindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ze-capillary. Ukuthintela ukuthintela: Xa i-tube engenanto isekho kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi emva kokungena kwisithando somlilo, kusetyenziswa izinga lokufudumala eliphantsi. Njengoko i-tube engenanto yokushisa inyuka, izinga lokufudumeza linganyuswa ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Ixesha lokufudumeza i-tube billet kunye nexesha lokubamba:

Ixesha lokufudumeza kunye nexesha lokubamba i-tube billet ihambelana neziphene zokufudumeza (i-oxidation yobuso, i-decarburization, ubungakanani bengqolowa oburhabaxa, ukufudumala okanye ukutshisa, njl njl.). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ixesha lokufudumeza ityhubhu engenanto kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lide, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele i-oxidation enzima, i-decarburization, i-overheating okanye i-overburning yomphezulu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ityhubhu yensimbi iya kuchithwa.

Isilumkiso:
A. Qinisekisa ukuba i-tube billet ishushu ngokulinganayo kwaye iguqulwe ngokupheleleyo kwisakhiwo se-austenite;
B. I-Carbide kufuneka inyibilike kwiinkozo ze-austenite;
C. Iinkozo zeAustenite azinakuba rhabaxa kwaye iikristale ezixubeneyo azinakubonakala;
D. Emva kokufudumeza, i-tube engenanto ayinakugqithiswa okanye igqithise.

Ngamafutshane, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wokufudumeza we-tube billet kunye nokuthintela iziphene zokufudumeza, ezi mfuno zilandelayo zilandelwa ngokubanzi xa kuqulunqwa iiparamitha zenkqubo yokufudumeza ityhubhu:
A. Ubushushu bokufudumala buchanekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokubhoboza iqhutyelwa kwiqondo lokushisa kunye neyona nto ingena ngayo kwi-tube blank;
B. Ubushushu bokufudumala bufana, kwaye uzame ukwenza umehluko weqondo lokushisa phakathi kwe-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse izikhombisi zetyhubhu engenanto engekho ngaphezu kwe-± 10 ° C;
C. Kukho ilahleko encinci yokutshisa isinyithi, kwaye i-tube billet kufuneka ikhuselwe kwi-oxidation engaphezulu, ukuqhekeka kwendawo, ukudibanisa, njl. ngexesha lokufudumala.
D. Inkqubo yokufudumeza ingqiqo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kobushushu bokufudumala, isantya sokufudumeza kunye nexesha lokufudumala (ukubamba ixesha) kufuneka lenziwe kakuhle ukukhusela i-tube billet ekutshiseni okanye ukutshisa.