I-20 # ipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo yibakala lezinto eziphathekayo ezichazwe kwi-GB3087-2008 "Iipayipi zensimbi ezingenamthungo kwiibhoyili eziphantsi kunye neziphakathi". Ingumbhobho wentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi engenamthungo elungele ukuvelisa iibhoyila ezahlukeneyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi. Yimbhobho yentsimbi eqhelekileyo kunye nomthamo omkhulu. Xa umenzi wezixhobo zebhoyila wayesenza iheda yobushushu obuphantsi obuphantsi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho iziphene ezimandundu ezinqamlezileyo zokuqhekeka kumphezulu ongaphakathi wentaphane yamalungu emibhobho. Impahla edibeneyo yombhobho yayiyintsimbi ye-20 kunye nenkcazo ye-Φ57mm×5mm. Sihlolisise umbhobho wentsimbi eqhekekileyo kwaye senza uluhlu lweemvavanyo zokuvelisa kwakhona isiphene kwaye sifumane isizathu sokuqhekeka okunqamlezayo.

1. Uhlalutyo lwesici sokuqhekeka
I-crack morphology: Ingabonwa ukuba kukho iintanda ezininzi ezinqamlezileyo ezisasazwa kwicala le-longitudinal yombhobho wentsimbi. Iintanda zicwangciswe kakuhle. Uqhekeko ngalunye lunophawu olumaza, olunokuphambuka kancinci kwicala le-longitudinal kwaye akukho mikrwelo yobude. Kukho i-angle ethile yokuphambuka phakathi kokuqhekeka kunye nobuso bombhobho wensimbi kunye nobubanzi obuthile. Kukho i-oxides kunye ne-decarburization kumda wokuqhekeka. Umzantsi awubuthuntu kwaye akukho phawu lokwandiswa. Ubume be-matrix buyinto eqhelekileyo ye-ferrite + i-pearlite, ehanjiswa kwibhendi kwaye inobukhulu obuziinkozo 8. Isizathu sokuqhekeka sinxulumene nokungqubuzana phakathi kodonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wensimbi kunye nokubumba kwangaphakathi ngexesha lokuveliswa kwemveliso. umbhobho wentsimbi.

Ngokweempawu ze-macroscopic kunye ne-microscopic morphological of crack, kunokuchazwa ukuba ukuqhekeka kwaveliswa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lokugqibela lobushushu lombhobho wentsimbi. Umbhobho wentsimbi usebenzisa i-Φ90mm yetyhubhu ejikelezayo. Iinkqubo eziphambili zokuyila ezidlulayo kukubhobhoza okushushu, ukuqengqeleka okushushu kunye nokunciphisa ububanzi, kunye nemizobo emibini ebandayo. Inkqubo ethile kukuba i-Φ90mm ye-tube billet ejikelezayo ifakwe kwi-tube Φ93mm × 5.8mm ityhubhu, kwaye ishushu igoqwe kwaye iyancipha ibe yi-Φ72mm × 6.2mm. Emva kokukhetha kunye nokuthambisa, umzobo wokuqala obandayo uyenziwa. Inkcazo emva komzobo obandayo yi-Φ65mm×5.5mm. Emva kwe-annealing ephakathi, ukukhethwa, kunye nokuthambisa, umzobo wesibini obandayo uyaqhutywa. Inkcazo emva komzobo obandayo yi-Φ57mm×5mm.

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, izinto ezichaphazela ukungqubuzana phakathi kodonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wensimbi kunye nokufa kwangaphakathi ubukhulu becala umgangatho we-lubrication kwaye zihambelana neplastiki yombhobho wensimbi. Ukuba iplastiki yombhobho wentsimbi ihlwempuzekile, amathuba okuzoba iintanda kuya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye iplastiki ehluphekileyo inxulumene noxinzelelo oluphakathi lonyango lwe-annealing heat. Ngokusekelwe koku, kuqikelelwa ukuba iintanda zinokuveliswa kwinkqubo yokudweba ebandayo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba iintanda azivuleki kakhulu kwaye akukho phawu lucacileyo lokwandiswa, oko kuthetha ukuba iintanda azizange zibe nempembelelo yokuguqulwa komzobo wesibini emva kokuba zenziwe, ngoko ke kuchazwa ukuba eyona nto inokwenzeka. ixesha lokuba iintanda ziveliswe kufuneka ibe yinkqubo yesibini yokuzoba ebandayo. Eyona miba inokuphembelela kukungathanjiswa kakuhle kunye/okanye ukuthomalalisa kakubi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.

Ukufumanisa imbangela yokuqhekeka, iimvavanyo zokuvelisa i-crack zenziwa ngokubambisana nabavelisi bemibhobho yensimbi. Ngokusekelwe kolu hlalutyo lungentla, olu vavanyo lulandelayo lwenziwa: Phantsi kwemeko yokuba iinkqubo zokunciphisa ukubhobhoza kunye nokuqengqeleka okushushu kwedayamitha zihlala zingatshintshanga, ukuthambisa kunye/okanye noxinzelelo lweemeko zonyango lobushushu ziyatshintshwa, kwaye imibhobho yentsimbi ezotyiweyo iyahlolwa ukuze zama ukuvelisa kwakhona iziphene ezifanayo.

2. Isicwangciso sovavanyo
Izicwangciso zovavanyo ezilithoba zicetywa ngokutshintshwa kwenkqubo yokuthambisa kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo yokucoca. Phakathi kwazo, ixesha eliqhelekileyo le-phosphating kunye ne-lubrication imfuneko yi-40min, imfuneko eqhelekileyo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-annealing yi-830 ℃, kwaye imfuneko yexesha eliqhelekileyo lokugquma yi-20min. Inkqubo yovavanyo isebenzisa iyunithi yokuzoba ebandayo ye-30t kunye nesithando somlilo esisezantsi se-roller.

3. Iziphumo zovavanyo
Ngokuhlolisiswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi eveliswe ngezi zicwangciso zisi-9 zingasentla, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesi-3, 4, 5, ne-6, ezinye iiplani zonke zazineentanda ezishukumayo okanye ezinqamlezayo ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo, icebo loku-1 linenyathelo lonyaka; izikimu 2 kunye ne-8 zineentanda ezinqamlezileyo, kwaye i-crack morphology yayifana kakhulu naleyo ifumaneka kwimveliso; iye yagungqiswa, kodwa akuzange kufunyanwe zintanda ezinqamlezileyo.

4. Uhlalutyo kunye nengxoxo
Ngoluhlu lweemvavanyo, kwaqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-lubrication kunye ne-intermediate stress relief annealing ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzoba ebandayo yemibhobho yentsimbi inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wemibhobho yentsimbi egqityiweyo. Ngokukodwa, izicwangciso ze-2 kunye ne-8 zaphinda zavelisa iziphene ezifanayo eludongeni lwangaphakathi lombhobho wensimbi ofunyenwe kwimveliso engentla.

I-Scheme 1 kukwenza umzobo wokuqala obandayo kwityhubhu yomama eshushu-eqengqelekayo encitshisiweyo ngaphandle kokwenza inkqubo ye-phosphating kunye ne-lubrication. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-lubrication, umthwalo ofunekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokudweba ebandayo ufikelele kumthwalo ophezulu womshini wokudweba obandayo. Inkqubo yokudweba ebandayo inzima kakhulu. Ukuxubha kombhobho wensimbi kunye ne-friction kunye nesikhunta kubangela amanyathelo acacileyo eludongeni lwangaphakathi lombhobho, ebonisa ukuba xa iplastiki ye-tube yomama ilungile, nangona umzobo ongaxutywanga unefuthe elibi, akulula ukubangela. iintanda ezinqamlezileyo. KwiSkimu sesi-2, umbhobho wentsimbi onephosphating engekho mgangathweni kunye nokuthambisa utsalwa ngokubanda ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa okuphakathi koxinzelelo, okukhokelela kwiintanda ezifanayo ezinqamlezayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiSkimu sesi-3, akukho ziphene ezifunyenweyo kumzobo obandayo oqhubekayo wombhobho wentsimbi kunye ne-phosphating elungileyo kunye nokuthambisa ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluphakathi lwe-annealing, olubonisa kwangaphambili ukuba ukuthambisa okungahambi kakuhle ngoyena nobangela wokuqhekeka okunqamlezileyo. I-Schemes 4 ukuya kwi-6 kufuneka itshintshe inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthanjiswa okulungileyo, kwaye akukho ziphene zomzobo ezenzeke ngenxa yoko, ebonisa ukuba i-intermediate annealing yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ayisiyiyo eyona nto iphambili ekhokelela ekuveleni kweentanda ezinqamlezileyo. Izicwangciso ze-7 ukuya kwi-9 zitshintsha inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ngelixa unciphisa ixesha le-phosphating kunye ne-lubrication ngesiqingatha. Ngenxa yoko, imibhobho yentsimbi yeNkqubo yesi-7 neyesi-9 inemigca eshukumayo, kwaye iNkqubo yesi-8 ivelisa iintanda ezinqamlezileyo ezifanayo.

Olu hlalutyo lothelekiso lungentla lubonisa ukuba iintanda ezinqamlezileyo ziya kwenzeka kuzo zombini iimeko zokuthanjiswa okulambathayo + akukho kuthomalalisa okuphakathi kunye nokuthanjiswa okulambathayo + ubushushu obuphantsi obuphakathi bokuthomalalisa. Kwiimeko zokuthambisa kakubi + ukuthambisa okulungileyo okuphakathi, ukuthanjiswa okulungileyo + akukho ukuthotywa okuphakathi, kunye nokuthambisa okulungileyo + ubushushu obuphantsi obuphakathi be-annealing, nangona iziphene ze-shake line ziya kwenzeka, iintanda ezinqamlezayo aziyi kwenzeka kudonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wentsimbi. Ukuthanjiswa okulambathayo ngoyena nobangela uphambili weentanda ezinqamlezileyo, kwaye ukuthomalalisa okuphakathi koxinzelelo oluphakathi kungunobangela oncedisayo.

Ekubeni uxinzelelo lomzobo lombhobho wensimbi lulingana nombane wokukhuhlana, i-lubrication engafanelekanga iya kubangela ukwanda kwamandla okudweba kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokudweba. Isantya siphantsi xa umbhobho wentsimbi utsalwa kuqala. Ukuba isantya singaphantsi kwexabiso elithile, oko kukuthi, ifikelela kwindawo bifurcation, mandrel uya kuvelisa vibration self-imincili, kubangele imigca shake. Kwimeko yokungabikho ngokwaneleyo kwe-lubrication, i-axial friction phakathi kwendawo (ngokukodwa indawo yangaphakathi) isinyithi kunye nokufa ngexesha lokudweba kwanda kakhulu, okubangelwa ukuqina komsebenzi. Ukuba ubushushu obulandelayo boxinzelelo loxinzelelo lobushushu bombhobho wentsimbi akonelanga (obufana ne-630℃ iseti kuvavanyo) okanye akukho annealing, kulula ukubangela iintanda kumphezulu.

Ngokwezibalo zethiyori (elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi le-recrystallization ≈ 0.4 × 1350℃), ubushushu be-recrystallization ye-20 # yentsimbi malunga ne-610 ℃. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa le-annealing lisondele kwiqondo lokushisa lokubuyisela kwakhona, umbhobho wensimbi uyasilela ukuhlaziya ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuqina komsebenzi akupheli, kubangele iplastiki yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuhamba kwesinyithi kuvaliwe ngexesha lokukhuhlana, kunye neengqimba zangaphakathi nangaphandle zetsimbi zinzima kakhulu. ikhubazeke ngokungalinganiyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubekho uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo lwe-axial. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo lwe-axial yentsimbi yangaphakathi yentsimbi yombhobho wensimbi idlula umda wayo, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa ukuqhekeka.

5. Isiphelo
Ukuveliswa kweentanda ezinqamlezileyo kudonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo we-20 # kubangelwa yimpembelelo edibeneyo yokuthanjiswa okulambathayo ngexesha lokuzoba kunye nokungonelanga koxinzelelo oluphakathi lonyango lobushushu (okanye kungabikho annealing). Phakathi kwazo, ukuthanjiswa okulambathayo ngoyena nobangela, kwaye ukulambatha okuphakathi koxinzelelo oluphakathi (okanye akukho annealing) ngunobangela oncedisayo. Ukuze ugweme iziphene ezifanayo, abavelisi kufuneka bafune abaqhubi beeworkshop ukuba balandele ngokungqongqo imimiselo yobugcisa echaphazelekayo ye-lubrication kunye nenkqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwimveliso. Ukongezelela, ekubeni i-roller-bottom i-furneal annealing eqhubekayo iyisithando somlilo esiqhubekayo, nangona ikulungele kwaye ikhawuleza ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula, kunzima ukulawula ukushisa kunye nesantya sezinto ezichazwe kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kwisithando somlilo. Ukuba ayiphunyezwanga ngokungqongqo ngokwemigaqo, kulula ukubangela ukushisa okungalinganiyo kwe-annealing okanye ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, okubangelwa ukungonelanga kwe-recrystallization, okukhokelela kwiziphene kwimveliso elandelayo. Ke ngoko, abavelisi abasebenzisa ii-roller-bottom annealing furnaces eziqhubekayo kunyango lobushushu kufuneka balawule iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi eyiyo yonyango lobushushu.