Okokuqala, yehlisa ubushushu bokufudumala.

Ngokubanzi, ukucima ubushushu bokucima kwe-hypereutectoid carbon steel yi-30 ~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac3, kwaye ubushushu bokucima ubushushu be-eutectoid kunye ne-hypereutectoid carbon steel yi-30 ~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac1. Nangona kunjalo, uphando kwiminyaka yakutshanje luqinisekisile ukuba ukufudumeza kunye nokucima intsimbi ye-hypoeutectoid kwingingqi ye-α + γ yesigaba sesibini esingaphantsi kancinane kune-Ac3 (oko kukuthi, ukucinywa kobushushu obungaphantsi) kunokuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, ukunciphisa ubushushu benguqu enqabileyo. , kunye nokuphelisa ukucaphuka. Ubushushu bokucima ukucima bunokuncitshiswa ngama-40°C. Ukusebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi obuphantsi kobushushu bexesha elifutshane kunye nokucima intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni kunokunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni ye-austenite kwaye uncede ufumane i-lath martensite ngamandla amahle kunye nokuqina. Ayiphuculi kuphela ubunzima bayo kodwa inciphisa ixesha lokufudumala. Kwezinye iigiya zothumelo, i-carbonitriding isetyenziswa endaweni ye-carburizing. Ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kwanda nge-40% ukuya kwi-60% kwaye amandla okukhathala anyuswe ngama-50% ukuya kwi-80%. Ixesha le-co-carburizing liyalingana, kodwa ubushushu be-co-carburizing (850 ° C) buphezulu kunelo lokungcwaba. Iqondo lobushushu (920℃) lisezantsi nge-70℃, kwaye linokucutha ukonakala konyango lobushushu.

Okwesibini, nciphisa ixesha lokufudumala.

Umsebenzi wokuvelisa ubonisa ukuba ixesha lokufudumeza lemveli elimiselweyo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu obusebenzayo bomsebenzi osebenzayo, ngoko ke i-coefficient yokufudumeza α kwifomula yokubamba ixesha lokufudumeza τ = α·K·D kufuneka ilungiswe. Ngokwemiqathango yenkqubo yonyango yendabuko, xa ishushu kwi-800-900 ° C kwisithando somoya, ixabiso le-α linconywa ukuba libe yi-1.0-1.8 min / mm, egcinayo. Ukuba ixabiso le-α lingancitshiswa, ixesha lokufudumeza lingancitshiswa kakhulu. Ixesha lokufudumeza kufuneka ligqitywe ngovavanyo olusekelwe kubukhulu bomsebenzi wensimbi, ubungakanani bokutshaja kwesithando somlilo, njl. Emva kokuba iiparameters zenkqubo ephuculweyo zichongwe, kufuneka ziphunyezwe ngokucophelela ukuze zifezekise inzuzo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho.

Okwesithathu, ukurhoxisa ukucaphuka okanye ukunciphisa inani lobushushu.

Rhoxisa ukufudumeza kwentsimbi ye-carburized. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-piston yepiston ye-carburized ye-20Cr isetyenziselwa ukukhansela i-tempering, umda wokukhathala womsindo unokunyuswa nge-16%; ukuba ukufudumeza kwentsimbi ye-carbon martensitic ephantsi kuyacinywa, i-bulldozer pin iya kutshintshwa. Isethi yenziwe lula ukusebenzisa imeko yokucima intsimbi ye-20 (i-carbon martensite ephantsi), ubunzima buzinzile malunga ne-45HRC, amandla emveliso kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho uzinzile; high-speed intsimbi kunciphisa inani temperings, ezifana W18Cr4V umatshini intsimbi wabona iincakuba ezisebenzisa ukuvutha umlilo omnye (560 ℃ × 1h) ithatha indawo yemveli izihlandlo ezithathu tempering ka 560℃ × 1h, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yanda ngama-40%.

Okwesine, sebenzisa iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi neliphakathi endaweni yobushushu obuphezulu.

Ikhabhoni ephakathi okanye i-carbon alloy structural steel structural steel isebenzisa ubushushu obuphakathi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi endaweni yobushushu obuphezulu ukuze ifumane ukuchasana kweempembelelo ezininzi. I-W6Mo5Cr4V2 yensimbi ye-Φ8mm ye-drill bit ixhomekeke kwi-second tempering kwi-350 ℃ × 1h + 560 ℃ × 1h emva kokucima, kwaye ubomi bokusika be-drill drill bunyuswe ngama-40% xa kuthelekiswa ne-drill bit tempered kathathu kwi-560 ℃ × 1h. .

Okwesihlanu, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubunzulu bomaleko we-seapage

Umjikelo wokunyanga ukushisa kweekhemikhali ubude kwaye udla amandla amaninzi. Ukuba ubunzulu boluhlu lokungena lunokuncitshiswa ukunciphisa ixesha, liyindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina amandla. Ubunzulu obuyimfuneko bomaleko obunzima bunqunywe ngumlinganiselo woxinzelelo, obonisa ukuba umaleko onzima wangoku wawunzulu kakhulu kwaye kuphela i-70% yobunzulu bobunzulu obuqinileyo bendabuko yayanele. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-carbonitriding inokunciphisa ubunzulu bomaleko nge-30% ukuya kwi-40% xa kuthelekiswa ne-carburizing. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuba ubunzulu bokungena bulawulwa kumda ophantsi weemfuno zobugcisa kwimveliso yangempela, i-20% yamandla ingagcinwa, kwaye ixesha kunye nokuguqulwa kungancitshiswa.

Okwesithandathu, sebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-vacuum unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali

Ubushushu obuphezulu bekhemikhali yonyango lobushushu kukunyusa ubushushu bonyango lwemichiza phantsi kweemeko ezimxinwa xa ubushushu besixhobo sokusebenza buvumela kunye neenkozo zentsimbi ye-austenite ukuba zifakwe azikhuli, ngaloo ndlela zikhawuleza kakhulu isantya se-carburization. Ukonyusa ubushushu be-carburizing ukusuka kwi-930 ℃ ukuya kwi-1000 ℃ kunokunyusa isantya se-carburizing ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-2. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba kusekho iingxaki ezininzi, uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lulinganiselwe. Vacuum unyango ubushushu imichiza lwenziwa kwi-negative-uxinzelelo lwegesi isigaba medium. Ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kwendawo yokusebenza phantsi kwe-vacuum kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaqondo okushisa aphezulu, izinga lokungena linyuka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-vacuum carburizing inokunyusa imveliso ngo-1 ukuya kumaxesha ama-2; xa i-aluminium kunye ne-chromium ifakwe kwi-133.3 × (10-1 ukuya kwi-10-2) Pa, izinga lokungena linganyuswa ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-10.

Okwesixhenxe, unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali ye-ion

Yinkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa kweekhemikhali esebenzisa ukukhutshwa okukhanyayo phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza (i-cathode) kunye ne-anode ukungena kwangaxeshanye kwizinto eziza kufakwa kwi-gas-phase medium equkethe izinto eziza kufakwa kuxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-atmosfera enye. Okufana ne-ion nitriding, i-ion carburizing, i-ion sulfurizing, njl., ezinezibonelelo zesantya sokungena ngokukhawuleza, umgangatho olungileyo, kunye nokonga amandla.

Okwesibhozo, sebenzisa i-induction self-tempering

I-induction self-tempering isetyenziswa endaweni yokutshisa eziko. Ekubeni ukufudumeza kwe-induction kusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ubushushu ngaphandle kwendawo yokucima, ubushushu obuseleyo abuthathwa ngexesha lokucima kunye nokupholisa ukuphumeza ukufudumala kwexesha elifutshane. Ke ngoko, iwonga kakhulu amandla kwaye isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezininzi. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile (ezifana ne-carbon steel high kunye ne-carbon high high alloy steel), ukucima ukuqhekeza kunokuphetshwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, xa ipharamitha yenkqubo nganye inqunywe, ukuveliswa kobuninzi kunokufezekiswa, kwaye inzuzo yezoqoqosho ibalulekile.

Okwesithoba, sebenzisa i-post-forging preheating kunye nokucima

Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunye nokucima emva kokubumba akunakunciphisa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okushisa ukushisa kunye nokwenza lula inkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ukusebenzisa i-post-forging inkunkuma yokucima ukushisa + ubushushu obuphezulu njengoko unyango lwangaphambili lunokuphelisa iziphene zokucima ubushushu benkunkuma emva kokucima njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu lweenkozo ezirhabaxa kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo embi. Kuthatha ixesha elifutshane kwaye kunemveliso ephezulu kune-spheroidizing annealing okanye i-annealing jikelele. Ukongeza, iqondo lobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu lisezantsi kunolo lokutshisa kunye nokutshisa, ngoko kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye isixhobo silula kwaye kulula ukusebenza. Xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo, ubushushu obushiyekileyo obuqhelekileyo emva kokubunjwa abunakuphucula nje kuphela amandla entsimbi kodwa buphucule nokuqina kweplastiki, kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu obuqhaqhazelisa abandayo kunye novakalelo lwenotshi. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-20CrMnTi inokufudunyezwa kwi-730 ~ 630 ℃ kwi-20 ℃ / h emva kokubumba. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kuzuze iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Okweshumi, sebenzisa i-surface quenching endaweni ye-carburizing kunye nokucima

Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo kwiipropati (njengamandla angatshintshiyo, amandla okukhathala, ukuchasana kweempembelelo ezininzi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olushiyekileyo) lwentsimbi ephakathi kunye nephezulu yekhabhoni enomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.6% ukuya kwi-0.8% emva kokucima i-high-frequency quenching ibonisa ukuba ukucinywa kwe-induction kunokuba esetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-carburizing ngokuyinxenye. Ukucima kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Sisebenzise i-40Cr yentsimbi ephezulu yokucima ukucima ukwenza iigiya zebhokisi yegiya, sitshintshela intsimbi yokuqala eyi-20CrMnTi yokubeka imoto kunye neegiya zokucima, kwaye safumana impumelelo.

11. Sebenzisa ukufudumeza kwendawo endaweni yokufudumeza ngokubanzi

Kwamanye amacandelo aneemfuno zobugcisa zasekhaya (ezinje ngedayamitha yeshaft enganxitywayo, idiameter yerola, njl.njl.), iindlela zokufudumeza zasekhaya ezinje ngokufudumeza iziko lokuhlambela, ukufudumeza nge-induction, ukufudumeza i-pulse, kunye nokufudumeza ilangatye kungasetyenziswa endaweni yokufudumeza ngokubanzi okunjalo. njengeziko lebhokisi. , inokufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo phakathi kweengxabano kunye neengxenye zokubandakanya inxalenye nganye, ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ifudumala yendawo, inokunciphisa kakhulu ukucima i-deformation kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Siyiqonda nzulu into yokuba ingaba ishishini lingasebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lifumane izibonelelo zoqoqosho eziphezulu ngamandla alinganiselweyo ibandakanya izinto ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla, nokuba inkqubo yethekhinoloji yenkqubo ifanelekile, kwaye ingaba ulawulo lolwenzululwazi. Oku kufuna ukuba siqwalasele ngokubanzi ngokwembono ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye lonke ikhonkco alinakungahoywa. Kwangaxeshanye, xa siqulunqa inkqubo, kufuneka kwakhona sibe nombono opheleleyo kwaye sidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo neenzuzo zoqoqosho zeshishini. Asikwazi ukuqulunqa inkqubo ngenxa nje yokuqulunqa inkqubo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi namhlanje ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwemarike.