Kazhinji, simbi yepombi inoreva coils (simbi mitsetse) uye simbi mahwendefa anoshandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-frequency welded pombi, spiral undermerged arc welded pombi, uye yakatwasuka musono yakanyudzwa arc welded pombi.

Nekuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwepombi yekufambisa uye dhayamita yepombi, simbi yepombi yakasimba-yakasimba (X56, X60, X65, X70, nezvimwewo) yakagadziridzwa zvichibva pasimbi yakaderera-alloy yakakwirira-simba kubvira kuma1960s. Rolling teknolojia. Nekuwedzera trace element (iyo yakazara haipfuure 0.2%) senge niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), uye mamwe maalloying zvinhu musimbi, uye nekudzora nzira yekukunguruka, iyo yakazara mechanic. zvinhu zvesimbi zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Yakakwirira-yakasimba pombi simbi ndeyepamusoro-tekinoroji, yakakwira-kukosha-yakawedzerwa chigadzirwa, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kunoshanda zvinenge zvese zvitsva zvakawanikwa mu process tekinoroji mumunda wemetallurgical. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumapaipi egasi akareba-akareba zvinomiririra chiyero cheindasitiri yesimbi yenyika kusvika pamwero wakati.

Mapaipi egasi anoenda kure kure ane matambudziko akadai senzvimbo dzakaomarara dzekushanda, mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ejoloji, mitsetse mirefu, kugadzirisa kwakaoma, uye kunowanzoputsika nekutadza. Naizvozvo, simbi yepombi inofanirwa kunge iine zvinhu zvakanaka senge kusimba kwepamusoro, kusimba kwepamusoro, weldability, kuramba kutonhora kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakaderera, uye kuramba kutyora.

Kusarudza yakakwirira-yakasimba pombi simbi kana kuwedzera kukora kwemadziro epombi mapaipi esimbi kunogona kugonesa magasi echisikigo mapombi kuti akwanise kumirisana nekumanikidza kwepamusoro, nekudaro kuwedzera gasi rechisikigo kutapurirana. Kunyangwe mutengo weiyo micro-alloy yakakwirira-simba simbi yemapombi esimbi ane dhayamita yakafanana ingangoita 5% kusvika 10% yakakwirira kupfuura simbi yakajairwa, huremu hwepombi yesimbi hunogona kudzikiswa neinenge 1/3, iyo yekugadzira uye welding maitiro. zviri nyore, uye mari yekufambisa uye yekuisa zvakare yakaderera. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti mutengo wekushandisa yakakwira-simba pombi simbi pombi inongori 1/2 yemutengo wemapombi esimbi akajairwa ane simba rakafanana uye dhayamita, uye madziro epombi akatetepa uye mukana wekuputsika kwepombi ndiko. zvakare yakaderedzwa. Nokudaro, inowanzosarudzwa kuti iwedzere simba repombi yesimbi kuti iwedzere simba repombi, pane kuwedzera rusvingo rwemadziro epombi yesimbi.

Zviratidzo zvesimba zvepipeline simbi zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira kusimba uye kusimba kwegoho. Simbi yepipeline ine goho repamusoro inogona kuderedza huwandu hwesimbi inoshandiswa mumapaipi egasi, asi yakawandisa simba regoho rinoderedza kuoma kwepombi yesimbi, zvichiita kuti pombi yesimbi ibvambuke, kutsemuka, nezvimwewo, uye kukonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kunyange zvichida simba rakakwirira, chiyero chesimba regoho kune simba rekusimba (goho-simba reshiyo) yepombi simbi inofanirwa kutariswa zvizere. Chiyero chakakodzera chegoho-kune-simba chinogona kuvimbisa kuti pombi yesimbi ine simba rakakwana uye kusimba kwakakwana, nokudaro nekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro chepombi.

Kamwe pombi yegasi yepamusoro-soro inoputika uye ikakundikana, gasi rakamanikidzwa rinokurumidza kuwedzera uye kusunungura simba rakawanda, zvichikonzera migumisiro yakakomba yakadai sekuputika nemoto. Kuti kuderedze kuitika kwetsaona dzakadai, dhizaini yepombi inofanirwa kunyatsofunga nezve chirongwa chekudzora kuputsika kubva kune zvinotevera zvinhu zviviri: Chekutanga, pombi yesimbi inofanira kugara ichishanda munzvimbo yakaoma, kureva, tembiricha ye ductile-brittle transition yepombi inofanira kuva. yakadzikira pane tembiricha yeambient yepombi kuti ive nechokwadi Hapana tsaona dzakaputsika dzinoitika mumapombi esimbi. Chechipiri, mushure mokunge ductile fracture ikaitika, mutswe unofanirwa kumira mukati me1 kusvika ku2 urefu hwepombi kuti udzivise kurasikirwa kukuru kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenguva refu kwekuputika. Mapaipi egasi akareba anoshandisa girth welding process kubatanidza mapaipi esimbi rimwe nerimwe. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuvaka mumunda ane simba guru pahutano hwegirth welding, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsemuka pane weld, kuderedza kuoma kweweld uye nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa, uye kuwedzera mukana wekuputika kwepombi. Naizvozvo, pombi simbi pachayo ine yakanakisa weldability, iyo yakakosha kuve nechokwadi chemhando yewelding uye kuchengetedzwa kwese kwepombi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa uye kucherwa kwegasi rechisikigo rinosvika kumagwenga, nzvimbo dzine makomo, matunhu ane polar, uye nyanza, mapaipi akareba anowanzofanira kupfuura munzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dze geological uye mamiriro ekunze akadai sepermafrost zones, landlide zones, nenzvimbo dzine kudengenyeka kwenyika. Kudzivirira pombi dzesimbi kubva pakutsveyama nekuda kwekudonha kwepasi uye kufamba panguva yebasa, mapaipi ekufambisa gasi ari munzvimbo dzinowanzoita kudengenyeka kwenyika uye njodzi dze geological dzinofanirwa kushandisa dhizaini-inodzivirira dhizaini inodzivirira pombi yesimbi pombi inoramba deformation yakakura. Mapaipi asina kuvigwa anodarika nemunzvimbo dziri pamusoro, ivhu rakaomeswa nechando, nzvimbo dzakakwirira, kana nzvimbo dzakaderera-dzinotonhora dzinoedzwa kutonhora zvakanyanya gore rose. Pipeline simbi mapaipi ane yakanakisa yakaderera-tembiricha brittle fracture kuramba inofanira kusarudzwa; mapaipi akavigwa akasvibiswa nemvura yepasi uye ivhu rinoita zvakanyanya Pamapaipi, kurapwa kwekudzivirira mukati nekunze kwepombi kunofanira kusimbiswa.