Chii chinonzi Heat Exchangers?

Izwi rekuti "heat exchanger" rinoshandiswa kutsanangura mudziyo unobatsira kutamisa kupisa kubva kune imwe mvura kuenda kune imwe pasina kusanganisa zviviri izvi. Inosanganisira nzira mbiri dzakasiyana kana nzira, imwe yemvura inopisa uye imwe yemvura inotonhora, iyo inoramba yakaparadzana ichichinjana kupisa. Basa rekutanga remuchinjiziri wekupisa nderekuwedzera kugona kwesimba nekushandisa kupisa kwemarara, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, uye kuderedza mari yekushandisa.

Mhando Dzakajairika dzeKupisa Kupisa
Shell uye chubhu inopisa kupisa:Aya ndiwo marudzi akajairika ekupisa kupisa anoshandiswa mune zvekutengesa HVAC masisitimu. Anosanganisira akatevedzana machubhu akavharirwa mugoko. Mvura inopisa inoyerera nemumachubhu apo mvura inotonhora inotenderera machubhu mukati megoko, ichibvumira kuchinjana kwekupisa kwakanaka.

Plate heat exchanger:Plate heat exchangers anoshandisa stack yesimbi mahwendefa ane alternating akasimudza uye akaora mwoyo nzvimbo. Mvura inopisa uye inotonhora inoyerera kuburikidza nemigero yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirwa nemapupa pakati pemahwendefa, zvichiita kuti kupisa kuwedzere nekuda kwenzvimbo huru.

Air-to-air heat exchanger:Iyo inozivikanwawo semayuniti ekudzoreredza kupisa, aya anotsinhanisa kupisa anotamisa kupisa pakati peanobvisa uye anopa mhepo hova. Vanobvisa kupisa kubva kumhepo yakare uye kuiendesa kumhepo itsva, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nepre-conditioning mweya unouya.

Chii chinonzi Indasitiri Kushandisa Shell uye Tube Heat Exchanger?
Iko kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kwegoko uye chubhu yekupisa yekutsinhana, inoshandiswa mumakemikari, chikafu, mafuta uye gasi nemamwe minda, yakapararira. Vanowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana ekufambisa kupisa pakati pemvura mbiri pasina kubatana zvakananga. Mamwe makiyi maindasitiri egoko uye chubhu kupisa exchangers maapplication anosanganisira:

Kupisa uye kutonhora maitiro mumakemikari zvinomera
Condensing uye evaporating mabasa muzvinatsiridza
Heat recovery systems mumagetsi ekugadzira magetsi
HVAC masisitimu muzvivakwa zvekutengesa uye zvekugara
Mafiriji masisitimu muzvigadzirwa zvekugadzira chikafu
Thermal manejimendi munzvimbo dzekugadzira oiri uye gasi
Pakazere, goko uye chubhu yekupisa inochinjana inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa kupisa kwemafuta uye kuchengetedza tembiricha yekudzora mukati meakasiyana maindasitiri maitiro.

Mangani Marudzi eShell uye Tube Heat Exchanger?
Chaizvoizvo, kune matatu makuru marudzi egoko uye chubhu yekupisa yekutsinhanisa inowanzoshandiswa:

1. Fixed Tube Sheet Exchanger (L, M, uye N Type Rear Headers)
Muchigadziro ichi, pepa rechubhu rinosungirirwa kune shell, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye zvine hupfumi kuvaka. Nepo mabhobhu echubhu anogona kucheneswa nemuchina kana kemikari, nzvimbo dzekunze dzemachubhu kazhinji hadzisvikike kunze kwekucheneswa kwemakemikari. Mabhero ekuwedzera angave akadikanwa kuti agadzirise kusiyana kukuru kwekushisa pakati pegoko uye chubhu zvinhu, asi anogona kuve sosi yekushaya simba nekutadza.

2. U-Tube Exchangers
Mune U-Tube exchanger, mhando dzemusoro wepamberi dzinogona kusiyana, uye iyo yekumashure musoro inowanzoita M-Type. U-tubes inobvumira kuwedzera kusingagumi kwekupisa, uye tube bundle inogona kubviswa pakuchenesa. Zvisinei, kucheneswa kwemukati kwemachubhu nemaitiro emagetsi kwakaoma, zvichiita kuti rudzi urwu ruve rwakakodzerwa chete nemashandisirwo apo tubhu yemvura inoyerera yakachena.

3. Inoyangarara Musoro Exchanger (P, S, T, uye W Type Rear Misoro)
Mumhando iyi yekutsinhanisa, iyo tubesheet kumucheto wemusoro weshure haina kubatanidza kune goko asi inotenderwa kufamba kana kuyangarara. Iyo tubesheet kumberi kwemusoro wekupedzisira ndeye dhayamita yakakura kupfuura goko uye yakavharwa zvakafanana kune yakagadziriswa tubesheet dhizaini.

Kuwedzera kwekupisa kunogona kugariswa, uye chubhu bundle inogona kubviswa pakuchenesa. Iyo S-Type Rear Head ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa sarudzo yemusoro wekumashure. Inoyangarara misoro inotsinhana inokodzera tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidza asi kazhinji inodhura kana ichienzaniswa neyakagadziriswa tubesheet exchangers.

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Izvo zvikamu zvegoko uye chubhu inopisa yekupisa inogona kuputswa kuita zvikamu zvinotevera:

1. Shell
Goko ndiro chikamu chekunze chemuchinjiziri wekushisa chinobata chubhu bundle. Kazhinji chigaba checylindrical chakagadzirwa kubva kusimbi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera

2. Machubhu kana Tube Bundle
Muunganidzwa wemachubhu anoenderana nehurefu hwegoko anogadzira chubhu bundle. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa chaiko, machubhu anogona kuumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, sesimbi isina tsvina, mhangura, kana titanium. Iyo dhayamita uye ukobvu hwemachubhu zvakare akakosha dhizaini paramita.

3. Tube Sheets
Mashizha echubhu mapepa akasimba anoshanda sechivharo pakati pechubhu bundle negoko. Iwo anowanzo kugadzirwa achishandisa simbi uye anosanganisirwa kugoko kuitira kuti pave nekuvhara kwakasimba uye kusina kuvuza. Machubhu anopinzwa nemumaburi mumapepa echubhu uye anogona kuwedzerwa kana kusungirirwa pachinzvimbo.

4. Baffles
Baffles ndiro ndiro kana tsvimbo dzinoiswa mukati megoko kuti dzigadzirise kufamba kwemvura kutenderedza chubhu bundle. Aya anogona kunge ari kureba kana kuchinjika mukutarisa uye anoitirwa kusimudzira kushanda kwekutamisa kupisa.

5. Inlet uye Outlet Nozzles
Iyo inopinza uye yekubuda nozzles inoshanda seyekupinda nekubuda mapoinzi ezvinwiwa mune yekupisa. Izvi zvinongedzo zvinowanzoiswa kumativi akatarisana egoko uye zvakanamirwa kune machubhu uye goko uchishandisa flanges kana mamwe marudzi ekuisa.

6. Kuwedzera Majoini
Majoini ekuwedzera majoini anochinjika anogadzika iyo chubhu bundle's kuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuderera. Kazhinji iri panzvimbo yekupinza uye yekubuda kweanopisa kupisa, aya majoini anogadzirwa achishandisa simbi mabhero kana zvimwe zvinochinjika.

7. Tsigira Zvirongwa
Zvimiro zvekutsigira zvinobata zvinopisa zvinopisa munzvimbo, zvichisimbisa hwaro hwakasimba. Zvivako zvekutsigira zvinogona kuve zvenguva pfupi kana zvekusingaperi uye zvinogona kugadzirwa nesimbi kana zvimwe zvinhu.

Shell uye chubhu geometric terminology

Tube dhayamita marongero uye pitch
Machubhu anogona kubva dhayamita kubva 12.7 mm (0.5 mu) kusvika 50.8 mm (2 mukati), asi 19.05 mm (0.75 mu) uye 25.4 mm (1 mukati) ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa. Machubhu akaiswa mumatatu kana masikweya mapatani mumapepa echubhu.

Iwo masikweya marongero anodiwa pazvinodikanwa kuti usvike pachubhu pamusoro pekuchenesa michina. Kurongeka kwematriangular kunobvumira mamwe machubhu munzvimbo yakapihwa. Chinhambwe chechubhu ndicho chinhambwe chipfupi chepakati-kusvika-pakati pakati pemachubhu. Iyo tube spacing inopiwa nechubhu pitch / chubhu dhayamita reshiyo, iyo inowanzoita 1.25 kana 1.33. Sezvo sikweya dhizaini inoshandiswa pakuchenesa zvinangwa, diki gap re6.35 mm (0.25 mukati) rinobvumidzwa pakati pemachubhu.

Baffle types
MaBaffles akaiswa padivi regoko kuti ape mwero wepamusoro wekutamisa kupisa nekuda kwekuwedzera kusagadzikana uye kutsigira machubhu nekudaro kuderedza mukana wekukuvadzwa nekuda kwekudengenyeka. Kune akati wandei emhando dzakasiyana dzebaffle, dzinotsigira machubhu uye dzinokurudzira kuyerera nemumachubhu.

Single Segmental (iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa),

Kaviri Segmental (iyi inoshandiswa kuwana yakaderera shellside velocity uye kudonha kwekumanikidza),

Diski uye Donut.

Iyo yepakati-kusvika-pakati chinhambwe pakati pebaffles inodaidzwa kuti baffle-pitch uye izvi zvinogona kugadziridzwa kuti zvisiyanise kuyambuka velocity. Mukuita baffle pitch haiwanzo kukura kupfuura chinhambwe chakaenzana nedhayamita yemukati yegoko kana kuswedera pane chinhambwe chakaenzana nechikamu chimwe chete pashanu padhayamita kana 50.8 mm (2 mukati) chero chikuru. Kuti mvura ikwanise kuyerera ichidzokera kumashure ichienda mberi ichipfuura nemumachubhu chikamu chebaffle chinodimburwa. Kureba kwechikamu ichi kunodanwa sekuti baffle-cut uye inoyerwa sechikamu chechidimbu chegoko, semuenzaniso, 25 per cent baffle-cut. Saizi ye baffle-cut (kana baffle hwindo) inoda kutariswa pamwe chete nebaffle pitch. Zvakajairika kuyera baffle-cut uye baffle pitch kuti ienzane nevelocities nepahwindo uye mukuyambuka, zvichiteerana.

Iyo mechanical design yegoko uye chubhu heat exchanger inopa ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakadai segoko rakakora, kukora kweflange, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinoverengerwa uchishandisa dhizaini yedhizaini kodhi senge Boiler uye Pressure Vessel kodhi kubva kuASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) uye British Master Pressure Vessel Standard, BS 5500. ASME ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kodhi yekupisa kupisa uye iri muzvikamu gumi nechimwe. Chikamu VIII (Confined Pressure Vessels) yekodhi ndiyo inonyanya kushanda kune zvinopisa zvinopisa asi Zvikamu II-Zvinhu uye Chikamu V -Kuedza Kusina Kukuvadza kunokoshawo.

Ose ASME neBS5500 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye anogamuchirwa pasi rese asi dzimwe nyika dzinosimbirira kuti macode emunyika anoshandiswa. Kuedza uye kurerutsa izvi, International Standards Organisation yave kuyedza kugadzira kodhi nyowani inozivikanwa pasi rose asi ingangove imwe nguva izvi zvisati zvagamuchirwa.