Weldinginzira yekubatanidza zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi semugumisiro wekupararira kukuru kwemaatomu ezvimedu zvakasungwa mujoint (weld) region. Welding inoitwa nekupisa zvidimbu zvakabatanidzwa kusvika pakunyunguduka uye kusanganisa pamwe chete (kana kana pasina filler. zvinhu) kana nekuisa kumanikidza kune zvimedu munzvimbo inotonhora kana inopisa.Kune kupatsanurwa kwewelding process:

1.Root welding

Chinangwa chekudzikisa-welding yemapaipi akareba ndeye kushandisa mahombe ekuweldhesa uye kushoma mashandisirwo ekushandisa kuti uwane kuvandudza kushanda uye kuchengetedza mutengo, uye mawelder mazhinji achiri kushandisa mapaipi echinyakare ane maburi mahombe uye madiki madiki ezvese-kumusoro welding. . Izvo hazvisi zvesainzi uye hazvina hupfumi kushandisa iyo yekumucheto parameter yemupendero senzira yekudzika yewelding yepombi. Maparamendi akadaro haangowedzere kushandiswa kusingakoshi kwekushandisa welding, asi zvakare kunowedzera mukana wekuremara kwewelding sezvo kudyiwa kwewelding consumables kunowedzera. Uyezve, kugadziriswa kwemidzi yakakanganisika kwakaoma kudarika kukanganisa kunogadzirwa mukuzadza chivharo chepamusoro, saka kusarudzwa kwemidzi yekudzivirira maparameter kwakakosha zvikuru, mukaha mukuru uri pakati pe 1.2-1.6mm, uye mupendero wakajeka uri pakati pe1.5- 2.0mm.

Paunenge uchiita midzi welding, electrode inofanirwa kuumba kona ye90 degrees neaxis yepombi uye inonongedza kune axis. Iyo chaiyo electrode posture ndiyo kiyi yekuve nechokwadi chekuumbwa kwemashure emudzi we weld, kunyanya pakuona kuti mudzi weld bead iri pakati peiyo weld uye yakabviswa Bite uye rumwe rutivi haruna kunyatsopindwa. Kana iyo longitudinal angle ye electrode inogadziriswa, kukwanisa kupinda kwe electrode kunogona kuchinjwa. Sezvo kazhinji zvisingagoneke kuwana yunifomu yegirodhi gap uye mupendero wakashata, welder inofanirwa kudikanwa kugadzirisa arc nekugadzirisa longitudinal angle ye electrode. Simba rekupinda kuti rienderane nejoin groove uye welding chinzvimbo. Iyo electrode inofanira kuchengetwa pakati pekubatana, kunze kwekunge arc ichivhuvhuta. Iyo welder inogona kubvisa kuvhuvhuta kwearc nekugadzirisa kona pakati pe electrode uye axis yepombi uye kuchengetedza arc pfupi, kana zvisina kudaro mukati meimwe-sided groove iyo iyo arc inovhuvhuta icharuma mukati, uye rimwe divi haringadaro. kupinzwa zvizere.

Kuti udzore weld bead yakanyungudutswa dziva, kuti uwane yakanyatso kuumbwa mudzi weld bead, nguva dzose chengeta diki panguva yemudzi welding process. Dziva rinooneka rakanyungudutswa ndiro kiyi. Kana dziva rakanyungudutswa rikakurisa, rinobva rakonzera Kuruma kwemukati kana kupisa. Kazhinji, saizi yedziva yakanyungudutswa yakareba 3.2mm. Kamwe kuchinja kuduku muukuru hwedziva yakanyungudutswa inowanikwa, zvinodikanwa kuti ugadzirise pakarepo electrode angle, ikozvino uye mamwe matanho kuti uchengetedze hukuru hwemvura yakanyungudutswa.

Shandura zvimwe zvinofurira kuti ubvise kukanganisa

Root welding midzi yekuchenesa ndiyo kiyi yekuve nechokwadi chemhando yemudzi welding mune yese weld. Pfungwa huru yemidzi welding midzi yekuchenesa ndeyekubvisa iyo convex weld bead uye njanji. Kana iyo midzi yekuchenesa yakanyanyisa, ichaita kuti mudzi welding ive wakaonda, izvo zviri nyore panguva yekupisa kupisa. Kana kupisa-kuburikidza kuchiitika uye kuchenesa kusina kukwana, slag inclusions uye pores zvinogona kuitika. Kuchenesa mudzi, shandisa 4.0mm gobvu disc-shaped grinding vhiri. Vagadziri vedu vanowanzoda kushandisa 1.5 kana 2.0mm reworked cutting discs sewelding slag ekubvisa maturusi, asi 1.5 kana 2.0mm yekucheka madhisiki anowanzoita kune yakadzika grooves, izvo zvinozoguma nekusakwana fusion kana slag kuiswa mune inotevera welding process, zvichikonzera rework, Panguva imwecheteyo, kurasikirwa kwe slag uye kubviswa kwe slag kwe 1.5 kana 2.0mm yekucheka discs haina kunaka se 4.0mm gobvu disc-shaped grinding discs. Nezvinodiwa zvekubvisa, njanji dzenjanji dzinofanira kubviswa, uye kumashure kwehove kunofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti ive inenge yakati sandara kana kuti zvishoma.

2.Hot welding

Kupisa welding kunogona kuitwa chete pasi pechigadziro chemidzi welding yekuchenesa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando, kazhinji mukaha pakati pekupisa welding uye midzi welding haigone kureba kupfuura 5min. Iyo semi-otomatiki yekudzivirira welding inowanzo tora kona yekutevera ye5 madhigirii kusvika 15 madhigirii, uye waya yewelding inoumba kona ye90 madhigirii neakisi yekutungamira. Nheyo yehot weld bead haisi yekugadzira kana kuita diki ye lateral swings. Pasi pemamiriro ekuona kuti arc iri kumberi kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, buruka nedziva rakanyungudutswa na4 o'clock kusvika 6 o'clock; nzvimbo kubva 8 o'clock kusvika 6 o'clock inofanira kuitwa zvakanaka. Svetera necheparutivi kudzivirira kupfuura-kuburikidza weld bead munzvimbo yekumusoro welding.

Kubvisa arc kutanga nekuvhara maburi emhepo, unogona kumbomira panotangira kufambisa gasi richiyangarara richibuda mudziva rakanyungudutswa, kana kushandisa arc inopindirana kutanga nekuvhara maarcs ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekugadzirisa arc kutanga nekuvhara mhepo. makomba; Kana wapedza, shandisa 4.0mm gobvu disc-shaped grinding vhiri kubvisa convex bead.

Kana mudzi welding ukapiswa panguva yekupisa welding process, iyo semi-otomatiki yekudzivirira welding haifanirwe kushandiswa kugadzirisa, zvikasadaro dense pores ichaonekwa mukugadzirisa weld. Maitiro chaiwo ndeekumisa iyo semi-otomatiki yekudzivirira welding nekukurumidza kana yaonekwa ichipiswa nepakati, uye kukuya mudzi weld wakapiswa nepakati, kunyanya migumo miviri yekupisa ichipinda mushanduko yakapfava, zvichienderana nemudzi welding. zvinodiwa pakuita, shandisa manyorero cellulose electrode kupisa yakatsva kuburikidza Ita kugadzirisa welding, uye mirira kuti tembiricha yewelding panzvimbo yekugadziridza welding idonhe kusvika ku100 degrees kusvika 120 degrees, wozoenderera mberi newelding zvinoenderana neyakajairwa inopisa bead semi. -automatic protection welding process.

Nheyo yekusarudza yeiyo inopisa bead process paramita yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti mudzi weld bead haupiswe. Iyo yakakwira waya yekudyisa kumhanya uye welding voltage inoenderana nekumhanya kwewaya feed inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Zvakanakira ndezvi: yakakwirira welding inogona kuwanikwa Kumhanya, yakakwira waya yekudyisa kumhanya inogona kuwana yakakura yekupinda yakadzika, uye yakakura arc voltage inogona kuwana yakafara dziva yakanyungudutswa, iyo inogona kuita yakasara slag mushure memudzi weld pass kucheneswa, kunyanya yakavanzika. slag inonyunguduka mumutsara wemudzi we weld pass Kunze, inoyangarara kumusoro kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, uye inokwanisa kuwana concave weld bead, kuderedza kuwanda kwekushanda kwekupisa weld bead slag kubviswa.

Muchidimbu, kubviswa kweslag kwebheji inopisa kunoda kuti vhiri rewaya ribvise slag, uye slag isingagoni kubviswa zvishoma inoda kuti gumbo rekukuya ribviswe. Partial convex bead inoda 4.0mm gobvu disc-shaped grinding vhiri kuti abvise chikamu chakabudikira (kunyanya kuitika pa5: 30-6: 30 o'clock chinzvimbo), zvikasadaro zviri nyore kugadzira cylindrical pores Welding slag haibvumirwe pane weld. bead, nekuti kuvapo kwewelding slag kuchakanganisa kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwearc yekuzadza, zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwearc pakarepo uye kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakaomarara pores.

3.Zadza welding

Kuzadza weld bead inogona kungoitwa pasi pechimiro chekuve nechokwadi chekushongedza kwemhando inopisa yebhedhi. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvewelding zvefiller welding zvakangofanana neiyo yekupisa inopisa. Mushure mekuzadza bead kwapera, zvinodikanwa kuti kuzadza simbi kuve 2 kusvika ku4 mapoinzi uye 8 kusvika gumi mapoinzi anonyanya kupfapfaidza nepamusoro pesimbi yepasi, uye iyo yakasara muganho wegorofu haifanirwe kudarika 1.5mm pakureba. , kuve nechokwadi chekuti welding yenzvimbo yekuvhara yakamira. Pachave pasina porosity munzvimbo kana yakaderera pane iyo base zvinhu. Kana zvichidikanwa, zadza welding inodiwa kuwedzera vertical fill welding. Vertical filling welding ndeye chete kana bead yekuzadza iri pakati pe2-4 o'clock uye 10-8 o'clock. Kana iyo yekuzadza welding yapera, iyo yekuzadza nzvimbo yakasiyana zvakanyanya neiyo groove pamusoro penzvimbo iri pamusoro, senge yakananga chivharo, zadzisa bead Mushure meizvozvo, kana iyo welding seam yepasi yakadzikira pane base base zvinhu panzvimbo iri pamusoro, vertical filling welding inowedzerwa. Vertical filling welding inofanira kupedzwa kamwe chete mushure mekutanga arc, uye arc haifanire kukanganiswa panguva yewelding process, nekuti iyo welded yejoin pane iyi chinzvimbo inosvika kune dense joint porosity. Vertical filler welding kazhinji haitenderere padivi uye inodzika nedziva rakanyungudutswa. Iyo zvishoma convex kana flat filler bead pamusoro inogona kuwanikwa panzvimbo yakatwasuka welding. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira iyo concave chimiro che weld pamusoro pechivharo chepamusoro uye pakati pe weld bead kuve yakaderera pane base simbi. Nheyo yekusarudza welding process parameters ye vertical filling welding yakakwira welding waya yekudyisa kukurumidza uye yakaderera welding voltage, iyo inogona kudzivirira kuitika kweporosity.

4.Kuvhara welding

Chete pasi pechimiro chekuona kunaka kwekuzadza welding, iyo yekuvharira pamusoro welding inogona kuitwa. Nekuda kweiyo yakakwirira deposition kunyatsoita semi-otomatiki yekudzivirira welding, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakusarudzwa kwewelding process paramita kana welding chivharo chepamusoro. Kiyi yekusarudzwa kwemaitiro maparamendi ndeye wire feed kumhanya, voltage, trailing angle, yakaoma elongation uye welding kumhanya. Kuti udzivise mabhomba, kumhanya kwewaya yakakwira, yakaderera voltage (inenge volt imwe yakaderera pane voltage inoenderana neyakajairika waya yekudyisa kumhanya), kurebesa kwakaoma, uye kumhanya kwewelding kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti welding arc Gara uri pamberi dziva rewelding. Pa5 o'clock kusvika 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock kusvika 6 o'clock, iyo yakaoma elongation inogona kuwedzerwa kusunda welding, kuitira kuti nhete bead layer inogona kuwanikwa kudzivirira yakawandisa kureba kumusana welding chikamu. ye bead. Kuti ubvise maburi emagetsi anokonzerwa nevhavha welding pane kukwira uye vertical welding parts, zvinowanzodiwa kuti weld welding welding part panguva imwe chete. Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kugadzira majoini akasungwa pa2 o'clock-4:30, 10 o'clock-8:30. , Kuti udzivise kuumbwa kwe stomata. Kuti udzivise kuitika kwemakomba emhepo mumajoini ekukwira kukwira zvikamu, welding seam pakati pe4:30 ne6 o'clock, 8:30 uye 6 o'clock, uye ipapo 12 o'clock-4:30 o'clock uye 12 o'clock vari welded The weld pakati bhero uye hafu past sere o'clock anogona zvinobudirira kudzivisa kuitika maburi emhepo mumajoini yokukwira kumawere. Iyo welding process paramita yevhavha welding yakangofanana neyekupisa welding, asi waya yekudyisa kumhanya yakakwira zvishoma.

5.Semi-automatic welding control yekuremara kwemagetsi

Kiyi yekushanda kwe semi-otomatiki kudzivirira welding ndeye kutora mukana wemamiriro ezvinhu. Nguva dzose chengetedza welding arc pamberi pechidziva chemoto panguva yekugadzira uye iyo yakaonda yakatsetseka inokurumidza multi-pass welding ndiyo kiyi yekukunda kukanganisa kwese. Dzivisa kuomarara kuti uwane yakakura imwe-pass weld ukobvu Uye teerera kune kugadzikana kweiyo welding process. Hunhu hwewelding hunonyanya kuenderana neshanu welding process parameters yewaya feed speed, welding voltage, dry elongation, trailing angle, welding walking speed. Shandura chero ipi zvayo, uye mana asara parameters anofanira kuitwa. Rongedza zvinoenderana.