Simbi ndiro delamination uye inotonhora brittle kuparuka mushure mesimbi ndiro yekucheka moto uye welding kazhinji ine kuratidzwa kwakafanana, ese ari maviri akatsemuka pakati peplate. Kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa, delaminated steel plate inofanira kubviswa. Iyo yose delamination inofanira kubviswa zvachose, uye delamination yemunharaunda inogona kubviswa munharaunda. Iyo inotonhora brittle crack yeplate yesimbi inoratidzwa sekuputika pakati, iyo vamwe vanhu vanodanawo "kupaza". Kuti zvive nyore kuongorora, zvakanyanya kufanirwa kutsanangura se "cold brittle cracking". Chirema ichi chinogona kurapwa nematanho ekugadzirisa uye yakakodzera welding tekinoroji pasina kuraswa.

1. Steel plate delamination
Delamination igomba renzvimbo muchikamu chemuchinjiko wesimbi ndiro (billet), iyo inoita kuti chikamu-chepakati chesimbi chiite chikamu chenzvimbo. Icho chirema chinouraya musimbi. Iyo ndiro yesimbi haifaniri kuderedzwa, ona Mufananidzo 1. Delamination inonziwo interlayer uye delamination, iyo inokanganisa mukati mesimbi. Mabhubhu muingot (billet), mahombe asiri-metallic inclusions, akasara shrinkage cavities asina kubviswa zvachose kana kupeta, uye kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kungakonzeresa stratification yesimbi, uye zvisinganzwisisike kukunguruka kudzikisa maitiro anogona kuwedzera stratification.

2. Mhando dzesimbi ndiro stratification
Zvichienderana nechikonzero, stratification inozviratidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye mafomu. Zvimwe zvakavigwa mukati mesimbi, uye nzvimbo yemukati inofananidzwa kana kuti yakanyatsoenderana nepamusoro pesimbi; mamwe anotambanudzira kune pamusoro pesimbi uye anoumba groove-yakafanana nepamusoro pezvirema pane pamusoro pesimbi. Kazhinji, pane mafomu maviri:
Yekutanga ndeye yakavhurika stratification. Uku kukanganisa kwe stratification kunogona kuwanikwa macroscopically pakutyoka kwesimbi, uye kazhinji inogona kuongororwazve muzvidyarwa zvesimbi uye zvidyarwa zvekugadzira.
Yechipiri yakavharwa stratification. Iyi stratification kukanganisa haigone kuonekwa mukuputsika kwesimbi, uye zvakaoma kuiwana mukugadzirwa kwemiti pasina 100% ultrasonic flaw kuonekwa kweplate imwe neimwe yesimbi. Iyo yakavharwa stratification mukati mesimbi ndiro. Uku kukanganisika kwe stratification kunounzwa kubva kuchinyungudusa kuenda kuchirimwa chekugadzira uye pakupedzisira kunogadziriswa kuita chigadzirwa chekutumira.
Kuvepo kwehurema hwe delamination kunoderedza hukobvu hunoshanda hwendiro yesimbi munzvimbo ye delamination kuti itakure mutoro uye inoderedza kutakura-kuremerwa kwacho munzira imwechete se delamination. Iyo yemupendero chimiro che delamination defect yakapinza, iyo inonyatso tarisa kushushikana uye inokonzeresa kushushikana kwakanyanya. Kana paine kudzokororwa kurodha, kuburitsa, kudziyisa, uye kutonhora panguva yekushanda, kushushikana kukuru kwekuchinja kunoumbwa munzvimbo yekushushikana, zvichikonzera kuneta kuneta.

3. Kuongorora nzira yechando inoputika
3.1 Carbon yakaenzana nzira-yekuongorora yekutonhora kutsemuka kwesimbi
Sezvo kuoma uye kutonhora kutsemuka kweiyo welding inopisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo ine hukama nekemikari yesimbi, iyo kemikari inoumbwa inoshandiswa kuongorora zvisina kunanga kunzwisiswa kwekutonhora kutsemuka musimbi. Izvo zviri mukati meiyo alloy zvinhu musimbi zvinoshandurwa kuita yakaenzana zvirimo zvekabhoni zvinoenderana nebasa rayo, iro rinoshandiswa sechiratidzo cheparamendi yekuongorora kutonhora kutsemuka kwesimbi, inova iyo kabhoni yakaenzana nzira. Nokuda kwekabhoni yakaenzana nzira yesimbi yakaderera-alloy, International Institute of Welding (IIW) inokurudzira fomu: Ceq(IIW)=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/ 15. Zvinoenderana nechimiro, iyo yakakura iyo kabhoni yakaenzana kukosha, iyo yakanyanya kuomarara tsika yesimbi yakashongedzwa, uye zviri nyore kugadzira kuputika kunotonhora munzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa. Naizvozvo, iyo kabhoni yakaenzana inogona kushandiswa kuongorora iyo weldability yesimbi, uye yakanakisa maitiro mamiriro ekudzivirira welding makatsemuka anogona kutaurwa zvinoenderana neiyo weldability. Paunenge uchishandisa fomura inokurudzirwa neInternational Institute, kana Ceq(IIW)＜0.4%, maitiro ekuomesa haana kukura, iyo weldability yakanaka, uye preheating haidiwe pamberi pekupisa; kana Ceq (IIW)＝0.4%～0.6%, kunyanya kana yakakura kupfuura 0.5%, simbi iri nyore kuomesa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti weldability yadzikira, uye preheating zvinodiwa panguva welding kudzivirira welding makatsemuka. Iyo tembiricha yekupisa inofanira kuwedzerwa zvinoenderana nekuti ukobvu hweplate hunowedzera.
3.2 Welding inotonhora crack sensitivity index
Mukuwedzera kune kuumbwa kwemakemikari, zvikonzero zvinotonhora zvinoputika mu-low-alloy high-strength steel welding zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvediffusible hydrogen musimbi yakaiswa, kumanikidzika kwekubatana, etc. Ito et al. yeJapan yakaita bvunzo dzakakura pamhando dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzesimbi vachishandisa yakatemerwa Y-yakaumbwa groove iron yekutsvagisa bvunzo uye yakarongwa mafomula senge inotonhora crack sensitivity index yakagadzwa nekemikari, diffusible hydrogen, uye constraint (kana kukora kweplate) , uye yakashandisa iyo inotonhora crack sensitivity index kuona tembiricha yekupisa inodiwa isati yave welding kudzivirira kutsemuka kwechando. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti iyi inotevera fomula inogona kushandiswa kune yakaderera-alloy yakakwirira-simba simbi ine kabhoni yemukati isingapfuure 0.16% uye tambo yakasimba ye400-900MPa. Pcm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B (%);
Pc=Pcm+[H]/60+t/600 (%)
Ku=1440Pc-392 (℃)
Ipo: [H]——Diffusible hydrogen zviri mukati mesimbi yakaiswa yakayerwa neJapan JIS 3113 standard (ml/100g); t——Plate ukobvu (mm); Ku——Tembiricha yekupisa isati yasvika (℃).
Verenga welding inotonhora crack senitivity indekisi Pc yesimbi ndiro yeukobvu uku, uye hushoma preheating tembiricha To usati watsemuka. Kana iyo yekuverenga mhedzisiro Ku≥50 ℃, ndiro yesimbi ine imwe welding inotonhora crack sensitivity uye inoda kupiswa.

4. Kugadziriswa kwechando brittle "cracking" yezvikamu zvakakura
Mushure mokunge simbi yesimbi yesimbi yapera, chikamu chesimbi inoputika, iyo inonzi "delamination". Ona Mufananidzo 2 pazasi we morphology yekutsemuka. Welding nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti zvakanyanya kufanirwa kutsanangura nzira yekugadzirisa se "welding repair process yeZ-direction cracks mumaplate esimbi". Sezvo chikamu chacho chakakura, ibasa rakawanda kubvisa ndiro yesimbi, uye wozoipisa zvakare. Chikamu chose chingangove chakaremara, uye chikamu chose chicharaswa, izvo zvinozokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru.
4.1. Zvinokonzera uye matanho ekudzivirira eZ-direction cracks
Z-direction cracks inokonzerwa nekucheka uye welding inotonhora inoputika. Iyo yakakura kuoma nekukora kwesimbi ndiro, ndiko kunowedzera mukana wekutsemuka kweZ-direction. Nzira yekudzivirira sei kuitika kwayo, nzira yakanakisisa ndeyokutanga kupisa usati wacheka uye welding, uye kutonhora kwekutanga kunoenderana negiredhi uye ukobvu hwesimbi yesimbi. Preheating inogona kuitwa nekucheka pfuti uye yemagetsi crawler heat pads, uye tembiricha inodiwa inofanira kuyerwa kumashure kwenzvimbo yekudziya. (Cherechedza: Chikamu chese chekucheka chesimbi chinofanira kupiswa zvakaenzana kudzivirira kupisa kwenzvimbo munzvimbo inosangana nemhepo inopisa) Preheating inogona kuderedza mukana weZ-direction cracks inokonzerwa nekucheka uye welding.
① Tanga washandisa grinder yekona kukuya mutswe kusvika usingaonekwe, preheat nzvimbo yakatenderedza welding yekugadzira kusvika pa100℃, wozoshandisa CO2 welding (flux-cored wire is best). Mushure mekugadzira dhizaini yekutanga, rova ​​iyo weld nekukurumidza nesando yekoni, uye wobva waisa zvidimbu zvinotevera, uye rova ​​iyo weld nesando mushure mechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Ita shuwa kuti tembiricha yeinterlayer iri ≤200 ℃.
② Kana mutswe wacho wakadzika, preheat nzvimbo yakatenderedza weld kusvika 100 ℃, pakarepo shandisa kabhoni arc air planer kuchenesa mudzi, wobva washandisa angle grinder kukuya kusvika simbi inopenya yaonekwa (kana tembiricha iyo yekugadziridza weld iri pasi pe100 ℃, preheat zvakare) uye wozopinza.
③ Mushure mekugadzira, shandisa aluminium silicate weol kana asbestos kuti insulate weld kwe ≥2 maawa.
④ Nezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, ita ultrasonic flaw yekuona panzvimbo yakagadziriswa.