① Saizi yezita uye saizi chaiyo

A. Saizi yezita: Hukuru hwezita hunotsanangurwa muchiyero, saizi yakakodzera inotarisirwa nevashandisi nevagadziri, uye saizi yeodha inotaridzwa muchibvumirano.

B. Hukuru chaihwo: Ndihwo saizi chaiyo inowanikwa mukugadzira, iyo inowanzova yakakura kana diki pane yezita saizi. Chiitiko ichi chekuva muhombe kana kuti mudiki pane saizi yezita chinonzi kutsauka.

② Kutsauka uye kushivirira

A. Kutsauswa: Mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, nokuti saizi chaiyo yakaoma kuzadzisa zvinodiwa saizi yezita, ndiko kuti, kazhinji yakakura kana diki pane saizi yezita, saka mwero unoratidza kuti pane musiyano pakati pehukuru chaihwo uye. saizi yezita. Kana mutsauko uri positive, unodaidzwa kunzi positive deviation, uye kana musiyano uri negative, unonzi negative deviation.

B. Kushivirira: Huwandu hwehunhu hwakakwana ??hunonaka uye husina kunaka hwekutsauka kwetsika

Kutsauka kune kwakananga, ndiko kuti, kunoratidzwa se "zvakanaka" kana "zvisina kunaka"; kushivirira hakusi kwakananga, saka hazvina kunaka kudaidza kukosha kwekutsauka "kushivirira kwakanaka" kana "kushivirira kwakashata".

③Delivery kureba

Hurefu hwekutumira hunonziwo hurefu hunodiwa nemushandisi kana kureba kwechibvumirano. Iyo chiyero ine zvinotevera zvinopihwa pakureba kwekutumira:
A. Urefu hwemazuva ose (hunozivikanwawo sehurefu husina kugadziriswa): Hurefu hupi huri mukati mehurefu hunotsanangurwa nechiyero uye hapana chinodiwa chehurefu hwakatarwa hunonzi hurefu hwemazuva ose. Semuyenzaniso, structural pombi mwero anorayira: inopisa-yakakungurutswa (extrusion, kuwedzera) simbi pombi 3000mm ~ 12000mm; inotonhora inodhonzwa (yakakungurutswa) simbi pombi 2000mmmm ~ 10500mm.

B. Urefu hwehurefu hwakatarwa: Hurefu hwehurefu hwakatarwa hunofanira kunge huri mukati mehurefu hwenguva dzose, hunova humwe hurefu hwakagadziriswa hunodiwa muchibvumirano. Zvisinei, hazvibviri kucheka hurefu hwakakwana hwakagadziriswa mukushanda chaiko, saka chiyero chinotaridza kukosha kunobvumidzwa kwakanaka kwekutsauka kwehurefu hwakatarwa.

Zvinoenderana neiyo structural pombi standard:
Chibereko chekugadzirwa kwemapombi akareba-akakura kupfuura epombi akareba, uye zvinonzwisisika kuti mugadziri akumbire kuwedzera kwemutengo. Iko kuwedzera kwemutengo kunosiyana kubva kukambani kuenda kune imwe kambani, asi kazhinji inenge 10% yakakwirira kupfuura mutengo wepasi.

C. Hurefu hwemutongi huviri: Hurefu hwemutongi hunofanirwa kunge huri mukati mehurefu hwenguva dzose, uye hurefu hwemutongi mumwechete uye kuwanda kwehurefu hwose hunofanira kuratidzwa muchibvumirano (somuenzaniso, 3000mm×3, kureva, 3 ma multiples e. 3000mm, uye kureba kwese kuri 9000mm). Mukushanda chaiko, kutsauka kunobvumidzwa kwakanaka kwe20mm kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa pahwaro hwehurefu hwakazara, uye mvumo yekucheka inofanira kuchengeterwa kureba kwemutongi wega wega. Tichitora pombi yekugadzira semuenzaniso, inotarwa kuti iyo incision margin inofanira kuchengetwa: iyo yekunze dhayamita ≤ 159mm ndeye 5 ~ 10mm; kunze dhayamita> 159mm iri 10 ~ 15mm.

Kana muyero usingatsanangure kureba kwekutsauka kwemutongi kaviri uye mvumo yekucheka, inofanirwa kutaurirana nemapato ese uye inoratidzwa muchibvumirano. Kureba kwekaviri-kureba kwakafanana nekureba-kureba, izvo zvichaderedza zvikuru goho remugadziri. Nokudaro, zvinonzwisisika kuti mugadziri awedzere mutengo, uye kuwedzera kwemutengo kunonyanya kufanana nekuwedzera-kureba.

D. Range kureba: Hurefu hwehuwandu huri mukati menguva dzose. Kana mushandisi achida kureba yakatarwa, inofanirwa kuratidzwa muchibvumirano.

Semuyenzaniso: yakajairika kureba 3000 ~ 12000mm, uye kureba yakatarwa 6000 ~ 8000mm kana 8000 ~ 10000mm.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kureba kwehurefu hwakasununguka pane zvakagadziriswa-kureba uye kaviri-kureba kwehurefu hunodiwa, asi yakanyanya kuoma kudarika urefu hwemazuva ose, izvo zvichaderedzawo goho rebhizimisi rekugadzira. Naizvozvo, zvine musoro kuti mugadziri akwidze mutengo, uye kuwedzera kwemutengo kunowanzoita 4% pamusoro pemutengo wekutanga.

④ Ukobvu hwemadziro husina kuenzana

Ukobvu hwemadziro epombi yesimbi haugone kufanana kwese kwese, uye kune chinangwa chechiitiko chekusaenzana kwemadziro ukobvu pachikamu chayo chemuchinjikwa uye longitudinal pombi muviri, ndiko kuti, ukobvu hwemadziro hauna kuenzana. Kuti udzore kusaenzana uku, mimwe mipimo yepombi yesimbi inotaura zviratidzo zvinotenderwa zveukobvu hwemadziro asina kuenzana, izvo kazhinji zvisingapfuure 80% yekushivirira kwemadziro (zvinoitwa mushure menhaurirano pakati pemutengesi nemutengi).

⑤ Ovality

Pane chiitiko chemadhayamita ekunze asina kuenzana pamuchinjiko wepombi yesimbi yedenderedzwa, ndiko kuti, kune dhayamita rekunze rekunze uye dhayamita diki yekunze iyo isingaite perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe, ipapo musiyano pakati pehupamhi hwekunze dhayamita uye. iyo shoma yekunze dhayamita ndiyo ovality (kana kwete kutenderera). Kuti udzore ovality, mimwe mipimo yepombi yesimbi inotaura index inobvumidzwa yeovality, iyo inowanzotsanangurwa seisingapfuuri 80% yekunze kwedhayamita kushivirira (kunoitwa mushure menhaurirano pakati pemutengesi nemutengi).

⑥Bending degree

Iyo pombi yesimbi yakakomberedzwa munzira yehurefu, uye curve degree inoratidzwa nenhamba, iyo inonzi dhigirii rekukotama. Dhigirii rekukotama rinotsanangurwa muyero rinowanzo kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri dzinotevera:

A. Local bending degree: pima nzvimbo yakakwira yekukombamira yepombi yesimbi nerura rwemita imwe-kureba, uye kuyera kureba kwayo kwechord (mm), inova kukosha kwedhigirii rekubhenda, chikwata imm/m, uye nzira yekutaura ndeye 2.5 mm/m. . Iyi nzira inoshandawo kune tube end curvature.

B. Kukombama kwedhigirii rehurefu hwese: Shandisa tambo yakatetepa kuomesa kubva kumativi ese epombi, kuyera kureba kwechord (mm) pakubhenda kwepombi yesimbi, uye woishandura kuita chikamu chehurefu ( mumamita), inova kutungamira kwehurefu hwepombi yesimbi yakazara-urefu curvature.

Semuyenzaniso, kana kureba kwepombi yesimbi kuri 8m, uye kuyerwa kwakareba chord kureba kuri 30mm, dhigirii rekukotama rehurefu hwepombi hunofanira kuva:0.03÷8m×100%=0.375%

⑦ Saizi iri kunze kwekushivirira
Saizi haina kushivirira kana saizi inodarika kutsauka kunobvumidzwa kwechiyero. Iyo "dimension" pano inonyanya kureva dhayamita rekunze uye ukobvu hwemadziro epombi yesimbi. Kazhinji vamwe vanhu vanodana ukuru kunze kwekushivirira "kunze kwekushivirira". Iri zita rezita rinofananidza kutsauka nekushivirira harina kuomarara, uye rinofanira kunzi "kunze kwekushivirira". Kutsauka pano kunogona kunge kuri "chakanaka" kana "chakashata", uye kashoma kuti zvese "zvakanaka nezvakaipa" zvakatsauka hazvisi mumutsara mune imwechete batch yemapombi esimbi.