Seamless simbi pombi unhu kuramba kuongorora uye kudzivirira matanho
Isu tinoitisa ongororo yehuwandu pane chigadzirwa chemhando yemapombi esimbi asina musono. Kubva pamhedzisiro yezviverengero, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti mugadziri wega wega ane hurema hwekugadzirisa (kugadzirisa makatsemuka, nhema dzematehwe mabhururu, mukati masiruu, padhuze, etc.), geometric dimensions, uye kuita maererano nemhando yechigadzirwa. (mechanical zvivakwa, makemikari kuumbwa, kusungira), simbi pombi kukotama, flatteni, dents, simbi pombi ngura, gomba, hurema hwakapotsa, yakasanganiswa mirau, yakasanganiswa simbi, uye humwe hurema.

Mamiriro ekugadzira emapombi esimbi asina musono: zvinodiwa zvemhando yepombi dzesimbi dzisina musono
1. Mushonga wemakemikari wesimbi; kemikari yesimbi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inokanganisa kushanda kwepombi dzesimbi dzisina musono. Ndiyo zvakare hwaro hunokosha hwekugadzira pombi inotenderedza muitiro parameters uye simbi pombi kupisa muitiro parameters. Muyero yesimbi isina musono pombi, maererano nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwepombi yesimbi, zvinodiwa zvinoenderana zvinoiswa pamberi pekunyungudutswa kwesimbi uye nzira yekugadzira yemapombi mabheji, uye mitemo yakasimba inogadzirwa pamakemikari. Kunyanya, zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamberi pezviri mukati mezvimwe zvinokuvadza zvemakemikari zvinhu (arsenic, tin, antimony, lead, bismuth) uye magasi (nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.). Kuti uvandudze kufanana kwemakemikari ekuumbwa kwesimbi uye kuchena kwesimbi, kuderedza kusina-metallic inclusions muchubhu blanks, uye kuvandudza kugoverwa kwavo, midziyo yekunatsa yekunze inowanzoshandiswa kunatsa simbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kunyange electro slag furnaces. anoshandiswa kuchenesa chubhu blanks. Kunyunguduka nekunatsa.

2. Simbi pombi geometric dimension kururama uye dhayamita okunze; simbi pombi yekunze dhayamita kurongeka, kukora kwemadziro, ovality, kureba, simbi pombi curvature, simbi pombi kupera kucheka mutsetse, simbi pombi end bevel angle uye mupendero mupendero, mhiri-chikamu dimens yemapaipi esimbi akasarudzika.

1. 2. 1 Steel pombi okunze dhayamita kunyatsoita The kunze dhayamita kururama kwe seamless simbi pombi kunoenderana nzira yekuona (kuderedza) dhayamita (kusanganisira tension kuderedza), midziyo oparesheni mamiriro, muitiro hurongwa, etc. The kunze dhayamita kururama kunoenderanawo kune iyo gomba kugadzirisa kurongeka kweiyo yakagadziriswa (kuderedza) dhayamita muchina uye kugovera uye kugadzirisa kwe deformation yega yega furemu. Iyo yekunze dhayamita kurongeka kweinotonhora-yakakungurutswa (抜) yakaumbwa isina musono pombi yesimbi ine hukama nekurongeka kwe mold kana rolling pass.

1. 2. 2 Ukobvu hwemadziro Iko kurongeka kwemadziro epombi dzesimbi isina musono zvine hukama nemhando yekudziya yechubhu isina chinhu, maitiro ekugadzira maparamendi uye maparamendi ekugadzirisa ega ega deformation maitiro, kunaka kwezvishandiso, uye kunaka kwavo kwekuzora. Iyo isina kuenzana madziro ukobvu hwemapombi esimbi inogovaniswa seyakaenzana yakachinjika madziro ukobvu uye isina kuenzana longitudinal madziro ukobvu.

3. Unhu hwepamusoro hwepombi dzesimbi; chiyero chinotsanangura zvinodiwa zve "smooth surface" zvepombi dzesimbi. Nekudaro, kune akawanda anosvika gumi marudzi ehurema hwepamusoro mumapombi esimbi anokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana panguva yekugadzira. Kusanganisira kutsemuka kwepamusoro (kutsemuka), mitsetse yebvudzi, mukati mukati, kupeta kwekunze, punctures, yemukati yakatwasuka, yekunze yakatwasuka, kupatsanurwa maseru, mavanga, makomba, convex bumps, makomba (makomba), makwara (Scratches), nzira yemukati inotenderera, yekunze kutenderera. nzira, green line, concave correction, roller printing, etc. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvezvikanganiso izvi ndezvekukanganisa kwepamusoro kana kukanganisa kwemukati kwechubhu isina chinhu. Kune rimwe divi, zvinoitika panguva yekugadzira, ndiko kuti, kana iyo rolling process parameter dhizaini isinganzwisisike, chishandiso (mold) pamusoro haina kutsvedza, mamiriro ekuzora haana kunaka, dhizaini yekupfuura uye kugadzirisa hazvina musoro, nezvimwe, nezvimwe. ., zvinogona kuita kuti pombi yesimbi ioneke. Matambudziko emhando yepamusoro; kana panguva yekudziya, kukunguruka, kupisa kupisa, uye kutwasanudza nzira yechubhu isina chinhu (simbi pombi), kana ikaitika nekuda kwekutadza kupisa tembiricha kutonga, kusaenzana deformation, kupisa kusinganzwisisike uye kutonhora kumhanya, kana kururamisa zvakanyanya kururamisa Kuwedzeredza kusara kunetseka kunogona zvakare. kukonzera kutsemuka kwepamusoro mupombi yesimbi.

4. Muviri uye makemikari zvinhu zvesimbi pombi; iwo emuviri uye kemikari zvimiro zvepombi dzesimbi zvinosanganisira mashandiro emagetsi epombi dzesimbi patembiricha yekamuri, zvemagetsi zvivakwa pane imwe tembiricha (kupisa simba zvivakwa kana kudzika-tembiricha zvivakwa), uye kusagadzikana kwecorrosion (anti-oxidation, mvura inodzivirira kupisa, asidhi uye alkali kuramba, nezvimwewo). Kazhinji, chimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari epombi dzesimbi zvinonyanya kuenderana nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, kurongeka kwehurongwa, uye kuchena kwesimbi, pamwe chete nenzira yekupisa yepombi yesimbi. Zvechokwadi, mune dzimwe nguva, kupisa kwekushisa uye deformation system yepombi yesimbi inewo simba pakushanda kwepombi yesimbi.

5. Steel pipe process performance; Kuitwa kwepombi yesimbi kunosanganisira kudzikamisa, kupisa, kupeta, kupeta, kudhirowa, uye welding yepombi dzesimbi.

6. Steel pombi metallographic chimiro; iyo metallographic chimiro chepombi yesimbi inosanganisira yakaderera-magnification chimiro uye yakakwirira-magnification chimiro chesimbi pombi.

7 Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvepombi dzesimbi; zvakakosha mamiriro anodiwa nevatengi.

Nyaya dzemhando mukugadzirwa kwepombi dzesimbi dzisina musono - Hunhu hurema hwehubhu blanks uye kudzivirira kwavo
1. Tube blank quality defects and prevention The chubhu blanks anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi seamless pombi anogona kuramba akakandwa kumativi chubhu blanks, akakungurutswa (forged) round chubhu blanks, centrifugally cast round hollow chubhu blanks, kana simbi ingots anogona kushandiswa zvakananga. Muchiitiko chaicho chekugadzira, inoenderera mberi yakatenderedza chubhu blanks inonyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera uye kunaka kwepamusoro.

1.1 Chitarisiko, chimiro, uye pamusoro pemhando yehurema hwechubhu isina chinhu

1. 1. 1 Chitarisiko uye kukanganiswa kwechimiro Kune dzakatenderedzwa chubhu blanks, chitarisiko uye chimiro chakakanganisika chechubhu isina chinhu chinonyanya kusanganisira dhayamita uye ovality yechubhu isina chinhu, uye yekupedzisira kumeso kwekucheka materu. Kune ingots dzesimbi, chitarisiko uye chimiro chakaremara chechubhu blanks chinonyanya kusanganisira chimiro chisina kunaka chesimbi ingot nekuda kwekupfeka kweingot mold. Iyo dhayamita uye ovality yeround chubhu isina chinhu haigone kushivirira: Mukuita, zvinotendwa kuti kana chubhu isina chinhu ichinge yapwanyika, mwero wekudzikisa pamberi pepuragi yakapedzwa inoenzana nehuwandu hwekupeta kwemukati kweiyo perforated capillary chubhu. Iyo yakakura yekuderedza mwero weplug, zviri nani iyo pombi isina chinhu ichave. Mapores anoumbwa nguva isati yakwana, uye ma capillaries anowanzo kutsemuka kwemukati. Munguva yemaitiro akajairwa ekugadzira, gomba chimiro maparamendi emuchina wekubaya anotemerwa zvichienderana nedhayamita yezita rechubhu isina chinhu uye dhayamita rekunze uye ukobvu hwemadziro ecapillary chubhu. Kana iyo gomba patani yakagadziridzwa, kana iyo dhayamita yekunze yechubhu isina chinhu ichipfuura kushivirira kwakanaka, chiyero chekudzikisa chisati chawedzera plug uye iyo perforated capillary chubhu inoburitsa mukati kupeta kukanganisa; kana dhayamita yekunze yechubhu isina chinhu ichipfuura kushivirira kwakashata, chiyero chekudzikisa chisati chaderera, zvichiita kuti chubhu isina chinhu. Kuwedzeredza ovality: Kana iyo ovality yechubhu isina kuenzana, iyo chubhu isina chinhu inotenderera isina kugadzikana mushure mekupinda munzvimbo yeperforation deformation, uye ma roller anokwenya pamusoro pechubhu isina chinhu, zvichikonzera kuremara kwepamusoro mu capillary chubhu. Magumo-akachekwa materu echubhu yeround isina kuvharwa haana kushivirira: Ukobvu hwemadziro hwemberi kwekupedzisira kwe perforated capillary chubhu yechubhu isina chinhu haina kuenzana. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kana chubhu isina gomba isina gomba repakati, plug inosangana nemagumo echubhu isina chinhu panguva yekutsvaira. Sezvo kune kuteremuka kwakakura kumagumo kwechubhu isina chinhu, zvinonetsa kuti mhino yepuragi ipinde pakati pechubhu isina chinhu, zvichikonzera kukora kwemadziro ekuguma kwechiso che capillary chubhu. Zvisina kuenzana.

1. 1. 2 Surface quality defects (continuous cast round chubhu blank) Kutsemuka kwepamusoro pachubhu isina chinhu: kutsemuka kwakatwasuka, kutsemuka kwakachinjika, network inotsemuka. Zvinokonzera vertical cracks:
A. The deflection flow inokonzerwa nekusarongeka kwemhuno uye crystallizer inosuka goko rakasimba rechubhu isina chinhu;
B. Kuvimbika kweiyo mold slag kwakashata, uye iyo yemvura slag layer yakanyanya kukora kana kutetepa, zvichiita kuti isaenzana slag film ukobvu uye kuita yeko solidification shell yechubhu isina chinhu yakatetepa zvakanyanya.
C. Crystal fluid level fluctuation (apo iyo fluid level fluctuation iri > ± 10mm, kutsemuka kunoitika kunenge 30%);
D. P uye S zvirimo musimbi. (P > 0. 017%, S > 0. 027%, longitudinal makatsemuka kuwedzera maitiro);
E. Kana C musimbi iri pakati 0. 12% uye 0. 17%, longitudinal makatsemuka inowanzowedzera.

Chengetedzo:
A. Ita shuwa kuti muromo nekristaro zvakabatana;
B. The crystal liquid level fluctuation inofanira kunge yakagadzikana;
C. Shandisa crystallization taper yakakodzera;
D. Sarudza hupfu hunodzivirira nekushanda kwakanakisisa;
E. Shandisa crystallizer yepamusoro inopisa.

Zvikonzero zve transverse cracks:
A. Kudengenyeka kwakadzika zvakanyanya ndiko honzeri huru yekutsemuka kwakachinjika;
B. Zvinyorwa zve (niobium, uye aluminium) musimbi inowedzera, ndicho chikonzero.
C. Iyo chubhu isina chinhu inotwasanudzwa kana tembiricha iri 900-700℃.
D. Kunyanya kutonhora kwechipiri kwakanyanya.

Chengetedzo:
A. Iyo crystallizer inotora yakakwira frequency uye diki amplitude kuderedza kudzika kwezviratidzo zvekuzunguza pane yemukati arc pamusoro pe slab;
B. Yechipiri yekutonhodza nzvimbo inotora yakagadzikana isina kutonhora system kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yepamusoro inodarika 900 madhigirii panguva yekutwasanuka.
C. Chengetedza mwero wekristaro wemvura wakagadzikana;
D. Shandisa mold powder nekushanda kwakanaka kwekuzora uye low viscosity.

Zvikonzero zvekuputsika kwepamusoro network:
A. Iyo yakakwirira-yekushisa yakakandwa slab inotora mhangura kubva muforoma, uye mhangura inova mvura uye yobva yabuda kunze ichitevedza miganhu yezviyo zve austenite;
B. Zvinhu zvakasara musimbi (zvakadai semhangura, tini, nezvimwewo) zvinoramba zviri pamusoro pechubhu isina chinhu uye zvinobuda kunze nemiganhu yezviyo;

Chengetedzo:
A. Nzvimbo yekristaro ndeye chromium-yakaputirwa kuwedzera kuoma kwepamusoro;
B. Shandisa mwero wakakodzera wemvura yechipiri inotonhorera;
C. Kudzora zvinhu zvakasara musimbi.
D. Dzora kukosha kweMn/S kuti uone Mn/S>40. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kana iyo yepamusoro inotsemuka kudzika kwechubhu isina chinhu haipfuure 0. 5mm, mitswe inozoiswa oxidized panguva yekudziya uye haizokonzere kuputika kwepaipi yesimbi. Sezvo kutsemuka kuri pamusoro pechubhu isina chinhu kuchave kwakanyanyisa oxidized panguva yekupisa, kuputika kunowanzo kuperekedzwa neoxidation particles uye decarburization phenomena mushure mekukunguruka.