20# seamless simbi pombi ndiyo giredhi yezvinhu inotsanangurwa muna GB3087-2008 "Seamless simbi pombi dzepasi uye zvepakati kumanikidza boilers". Iyo yakakwirira-yemhando yepamusoro kabhoni structural simbi isina musono simbi pombi inokodzera kugadzira akasiyana-siyana akaderera-kudzvanywa uye epakati-kumanikidza boilers. Iyo yakajairika uye yakakura-vhoriyamu simbi pombi zvinhu. Kana mugadziri wemidziyo yeboiler aigadzira musoro wakadzika-tembiricha wekudzoreredza, zvakaonekwa kuti pakanga paine zvakakomba zvakakanganisika zvakakanganisika mukati menzvimbo yemukati yemajoini akawanda epombi. Iyo pombi yekubatanidza zvinhu yaive 20 simbi ine yakatarwa ye Φ57mm×5mm. Takaongorora pombi yesimbi yakatsemuka tikaita ongororo dzakatevedzana kuti tiitezve chirema uye nekuona chikonzero chekutsemuka kwacho.

1. Crack feature analysis
Crack morphology: Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kune akawanda akatsemuka akatsemuka akagovaniswa pamwe neiyo longitudinal nzira yepombi yesimbi. Kutsemuka kwakarongwa zvakanaka. Kutsemuka kwega kwega kune wavy ficha, ine kakutsauka munzira yelongitudinal uye isina longitudinal scratches. Pane imwe deflection angle pakati pekutsemuka uye pamusoro pepombi yesimbi uye imwe hupamhi. Kune maokisi uye decarburization pamucheto wekutsemuka. Pasi pakagomara uye hapana chiratidzo chekuwedzera. Iyo matrix chimiro chakajairika ferrite + pearlite, iyo inogoverwa mubhandi uye ine saizi yezviyo 8. Chikonzero chekutsemuka chinoenderana nekukakavadzana pakati pemadziro emukati wepombi yesimbi uye mold yemukati panguva yekugadzirwa kweiyo. pombi yesimbi.

Zvinoenderana neiyo macroscopic uye microscopic morphological maitiro ekutsemuka, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mutswe wakagadzirwa pamberi pekupedzisira kupisa kupisa kwepombi yesimbi. Iyo pombi yesimbi inoshandisa Φ90mm yakatenderera chubhu billet. Iwo makuru ekuumba maitiro ayo anoitwa anopisa perforation, kupisa kutenderera uye kuderedzwa kwedhayamita, uye maviri anotonhora madhirowa. Iyo chaiyo nzira ndeyokuti Φ90mm round tube billet inoputirwa mu Φ93mm × 5.8mm rough tube, uye ipapo inopisa yakakungurutswa uye yakaderedzwa kusvika Φ72mm × 6.2mm. Mushure mekutora nekuzora, yekutanga kutonhora kudhirowa kunoitwa. Iyo yakatarwa mushure mekutonhora kudhirowa ndeye Φ65mm×5.5mm. Mushure mekuvhara kwepakati, pickling, uye lubrication, yechipiri inotonhora dhizaini inoitwa. Iyo yakatarwa mushure mekutonhora kudhirowa ndeye Φ57mm×5mm.

Zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekuongorora, izvo zvinokanganisa kupokana pakati pemadziro emukati wepombi yesimbi uye yemukati kufa zvinonyanya kunaka kwekuzora uye zvakare zvine chekuita nepurasitiki yepombi yesimbi. Kana iyo yepurasitiki yepombi yesimbi isina kunaka, mukana wekudhirowa makatsemuka uchawedzera zvakanyanya, uye hurombo husina kunaka hunoenderana nepakati pekunetseka kwekunetseka annealing kupisa kurapwa. Kubva pane izvi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mitswe inogona kugadzirwa mukutonhora kwekudhirowa. Uye zvakare, nekuti mitswe haina kuvhurika kusvika pamwero mukuru uye hapana chiratidzo chiri pachena chekuwedzera, zvinoreva kuti kuputika hakusati kwasangana nepesvedzero yekudhirowa kwechipiri mushure mekuumbwa, saka zvinowedzerwa zvakare kuti iyo inonyanya kuitika. nguva yekuti mitswe igadzirwe inofanira kunge iri yechipiri inotonhora yekudhirowa. Zvinonyanya kupesvedzera zvinhu kusazora mafuta uye/kana kushomeka kwekudzikisira.

Kuti uone chikonzero chekutsemuka, bvunzo dzekubereka dzakaitwa mukubatana nevagadziri vepombi dzesimbi. Zvichienderana nekuongorora kuri pamusoro apa, bvunzo dzinotevera dzakaitwa: Pasi pemamiriro ekuti kubhobora uye kupisa kutenderedza dhayamita yekudzikisa maitiro anoramba asina kuchinjika, iyo lubrication uye / kana kushushikana kunyaradza annealing kupisa kupisa mamiriro anoshandurwa, uye mapaipi esimbi anodhonzwa anoongororwa kuti edza kubereka zvakare kukanganisa kwakafanana.

2. Chirongwa chekuedza
Zvipfumbamwe zvirongwa zvekuyedza zvinokurudzirwa nekushandura iyo lubrication process uye annealing process paramita. Pakati pavo, yakajairika phosphating uye lubrication nguva inodiwa ndeye 40min, yakajairwa yepakati yekuzorodza kushushikana annealing tembiricha inodiwa ndeye 830 ℃, uye yakajairika insulation nguva inodiwa i20min. Maitiro ekuyedza anoshandisa 30t inotonhora yekudhirowa unit uye roller yepasi kupisa kupisa kwevira.

3. Miedzo mhinduro
Kupfurikidza nokuongororwa kwepombi dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nezvirongwa 9 zviri pamusoro apa, zvakawanwa kuti kunze kwezvirongwa 3, 4, 5, uye 6, mamwe magadzirirwo ose akanga ane mitswe inozununguka kana kuti yakachinjika kusvika pamwero yakasiana-siana. Pakati pavo, chirongwa 1 chaive nedanho reannular; zvirongwa 2 ne8 zvaiva nemitswe yakachinjika, uye crack morphology yakanga yakafanana zvikuru neinowanwa mukugadzirwa; zvirongwa 7 ne9 zvakanga zvazununguka, asi hapana kutsemuka kwakachinjika kwakawanikwa.

4. Kuongorora nekukurukurirana
Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yebvunzo, zvakasimbiswa zvizere kuti kudzosa uye yepakati yekuzorodza kushushikana panguva yekutonhora yekudhirowa kwepombi dzesimbi zvine simba rakakosha pamhando yepombi dzesimbi dzakapedzwa. Kunyanya, zvirongwa 2 uye 8 zvakabudisa zvakare kukanganisa kwakafanana pamadziro emukati wepombi yesimbi inowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro.

Scheme 1 ndeyekuita yekutanga inotonhora kudhirowa pane inopisa-yakakungurutswa yakaderedzwa-dhayamita yaamai chubhu pasina kuita phosphating uye lubrication process. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuzora, mutoro unodiwa panguva yekutonhora yekudhirowa wasvika pakuremerwa kwemuchina wekudhirowa unotonhora. Iyo inotonhora yekudhirowa inobata zvakanyanya. Kuzununguswa kwepombi yesimbi uye kukweshana ne mold kunokonzera matanho ari pachena pamadziro emukati mechubhu, zvichiratidza kuti kana plasticity yechubhu yaamai yakanaka, kunyangwe iyo isina mafuta kudhirowa ine mhedzisiro yakaipa, hazvisi nyore kukonzera. kutsemuka kwakachinjika. MuChirongwa chechipiri, pombi yesimbi ine phosphating isina kunaka uye mafuta ekuzora inoramba ichitonhora ichidhonzwa pasina kudzikamisa kushushikana kwepakati, zvichikonzera kutsemuka kwakafanana. Zvisineyi, muChikamu chechitatu, hapana chakakanganisika chakawanikwa mukudhirowa kunotonhora kwepombi yesimbi ine phosphating yakanaka uye lubrication pasina kudzikamisa kushushikana kwepakati, izvo zvinotaridza kuti kusazora mafuta ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutsemuka kwakachinjika. Schemes 4 kusvika 6 ndeyekushandura nzira yekupisa yekupisa uchichengetedza mafuta akanaka, uye hapana kukanganisa kudhirowa kwakaitika nekuda kweizvozvo, zvichiratidza kuti pakati pekunetseka kwekunetseka annealing haisiriyo chinhu chikuru chinotungamira mukuitika kwekutsemuka kwakachinjika. Schemes 7 kusvika 9 inoshandura nzira yekurapa kupisa uku ichipfupisa iyo phosphating uye yekuzora nguva nehafu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mapaipi esimbi eChikamu 7 ne9 ane mitsetse inodengenyeka, uye Scheme 8 inoburitsa zvakafanana zvakatsemuka.

Ongororo yekuenzanisa iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti kutsemuka kwakachinjika kuchaitika mune ese ari maviri ekuzora kwakashata + hapana yepakati annealing uye yakashata lubrication + yakaderera yepakati annealing tembiricha. Muzviitiko zvekushaya mafuta + yakanaka yepakati annealing, yakanaka lubrication + hapana yepakati annealing, uye yakanaka lubrication + yakaderera yepakati annealing tembiricha, kunyange kuzununguka mutsetse kuremara kuchaitika, kutsemuka kwakachinjika hakuzoitike pamadziro emukati esimbi pombi. Kusazora mafuta zvakanaka ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutsemuka kwakachinjika, uye kushomeka kwepakati pekurerutsa kushushikana ndicho chikonzero chinobatsira.

Sezvo kudhirowa kwekudhirowa kwepombi yesimbi kwakaenzana nechisimba chekukwesha, kushambidzika kwakashata kunotungamira kuwedzera kwesimba rekudhirowa uye kuderera kwechiyero chekudhirowa. Kumhanya kwakaderera kana pombi yesimbi inotanga kudhonzwa. Kana kumhanya kwakadzikira pane imwe kukosha, ndiko kuti, inosvika kune bifurcation point, iyo mandrel inoburitsa kuzvidzora-inofadza vibration, zvichikonzera kuzunungusa mitsetse. Panyaya yekusakwana lubrication, iyo axial friction pakati pepamusoro (kunyanya mukati memukati) simbi uye inofa panguva yekudhirowa inowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti basa riomerwe. Kana iyo inozotevera yekurerutsira kushushikana yekupisa kupisa tembiricha yepombi yesimbi isina kukwana (senge 630 ℃ yakaiswa muyedzo) kana pasina annealing, zviri nyore kukonzera kutsemuka kwepasi.

Zvinoenderana ne theoretical calculations (iyo yakaderera recrystallization tembiricha ≈ 0.4 × 1350 ℃), tembiricha recrystallization ye20 # simbi inenge 610 ℃. Kana tembiricha yeannealing iri padhuze netembiricha yerecrystallization, pombi yesimbi inotadza kudzokorodza zvizere, uye kuomarara kwebasa hakubviswe, zvichikonzera hurombo hwepurasitiki, kuyerera kwesimbi kunovharwa panguva yekukweshana, uye mukati nekunze zvidimbu zvesimbi zvakakomba. yakaremara zvisina kuenzana, nokudaro zvichigadzira axial yakakura yakawedzera kushushikana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo axial stress yemukati wepamusoro simbi yepombi yesimbi inodarika muganhu wayo, nokudaro ichigadzira kuputika.

5. Mhedziso
Chizvarwa chekutsemuka kwakachinjika pamadziro emukati wepombi yesimbi isina musono 20# inokonzereswa nekubatanidzwa kwekusagadzikana kwemafuta panguva yekudhirowa uye kusakwana kwepakati kushushikana kwekunyaradza annealing kupisa kupisa (kana kusaina annealing). Pakati pazvo, kushambidzika kwemafuta ndiyo honzeri huru, uye kushomeka kwepakati kushushikana kudzikamisa (kana kusagadziriswa) ndicho chikonzero chekubatsira. Kuti udzivise kukanganisa kwakafanana, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuda kuti vashandi vewekishopu vanyatso kutevedzera yakakodzera mirairo yehunyanzvi yekuzora uye kupisa kupisa maitiro mukugadzira. Mukuwedzera, sezvo iyo roller-bottom inoramba ichiita annealing furnace inoramba ichipisa moto, kunyange zvazvo iri nyore uye inokurumidza kutakura uye kurodha, zvakaoma kudzora kutonhora nekumhanya kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hukuru muchoto. Kana iyo isina kunyatsoitwa maererano nemirairo, zviri nyore kukonzera kusaenzana annealing tembiricha kana kupfupika kwenguva, zvichikonzera kusakwana recrystallization, zvichikonzera kukanganisa mukugadzirwa kunotevera. Nokudaro, vagadziri vanoshandisa roller-bottom annealing furnaces kuitira kupisa kupisa vanofanira kudzora zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa uye mashandiro chaiwo ekurapa kupisa.