Kutanga, kuderedza kupisa kwekushisa.

Kazhinji, kudzima tembiricha yekudziya ye hypereutectoid kabhoni simbi iri 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc3, uye kudzima tembiricha yekudziya yeeutectoid uye hypereutectoid kabhoni simbi i30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc1. Nekudaro, tsvagiridzo mumakore achangopfuura yakasimbisa kuti kupisa uye kudzima simbi yehypoeutectoid munharaunda ye α + γ maviri-chikamu yakadzikira zvishoma pane Ac3 (kureva, kudzika-kupisa) kunogona kuvandudza kusimba uye kuoma kwesimbi, kuderedza brittle shanduko yekushisa. , uye kubvisa kushatirwa. Tembiricha yekudziya yekudzima inogona kudzikiswa ne40°C. Kushandisa yakaderera-tembiricha nekukurumidza-nguva pfupi kupisa uye kudzima kwe-high-carbon simbi kunogona kuderedza kabhoni yeaustenite uye kubatsira kuwana lath martensite nesimba rakanaka uye kusimba. Haisi kungovandudza kuoma kwayo chete asiwo inopfupisa nguva yekupisa. Kune mamwe magiya ekutapurirana, carbonitriding inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo checarburizing. Kuramba kwekupfeka kunowedzerwa ne40% kusvika 60% uye simba rekuneta rinowedzerwa ne50% kusvika 80%. Iyo co-carburizing nguva yakaenzana, asi tembiricha ye-co-carburizing (850 ° C) yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekuviga. Iyo tembiricha (920 ℃) ​​i70 ℃ yakaderera, uye inogona zvakare kuderedza kupisa kurapwa deformation.

Chechipiri, kupfupisa nguva yekupisa.

Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro kunoratidza kuti iyo yechinyakare yekudziya nguva yakatemerwa zvichienderana nehupamhi hunobudirira hweiyo workpiece inochengetedza, saka iyo yekudziya coefficient α mune yekudziya inobata nguva formula τ = α · K · D inoda kugadziriswa. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro echinyakare ekurapa maitiro, kana kupisa kusvika 800-900 ° C muvira remhepo, iyo α kukosha inokurudzirwa kuva 1.0-1.8 min/mm, iyo inochengetedza. Kana iyo α kukosha inogona kuderedzwa, nguva yekupisa inogona kupfupikiswa zvakanyanya. Nguva yekupisa inofanira kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekuedza kunoenderana nehukuru hwesimbi workpiece, chiyero chekuchaja chevira, etc. Kana iyo yakagadziridzwa maitiro parameters yakatemwa, inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyatsonaka kuti iwane zvakakosha zvehupfumi.

Chechitatu, kudzima kupisa kana kuderedza kuwanda kwekupisa.

Bvisa kupisa kwesimbi yakabikwa. Semuyenzaniso, kana kaviri-sided carburized piston piston ye20Cr simbi loader inoshandiswa kudzima kushatirwa, muganho wekuneta weakatsamwa unogona kuwedzerwa ne16%; kana kupisa kwekabhoni martensitic simbi kwakadzimwa, pini yebulldozer inotsiviwa. Iyo seti inorerutswa kushandisa iyo yakadzimwa mamiriro e20 simbi (yakaderera kabhoni martensite), iyo kuomarara yakagadzikana kutenderedza 45HRC, iyo chigadzirwa simba uye kupfeka kushomeka kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye mhando yakagadzikana; high-speed simbi inoderedza kuwanda kwekupisa, seW18Cr4V simbi muchina saw blades anoshandisa imwe tempering Fire (560 ℃ × 1h) inotsiva yechinyakare katatu tempering ye560 ℃ × 1h, uye hupenyu hwebasa hunowedzerwa ne40%.

Chechina, shandisa kudziya kwepasi uye kwepakati-tembiricha pane kudziya kwakanyanya.

Medium kabhoni kana yepakati kabhoni alloy structural simbi inoshandisa yepakati uye yakaderera-tembiricha kudziya panzvimbo yekupisa-yepamusoro-tembiricha kuti iwane yakakwirira-yakawanda-impact kuramba. Iyo W6Mo5Cr4V2 simbi Φ8mm drill bit inoiswa pasi pechipiri kupisa pa 350 ℃ × 1h+560 ℃ × 1h mushure mekudzima, uye hupenyu hwekucheka hwechibhorani hunowedzera ne 40% kana ichienzaniswa neiyo drill bit yakatsamwa katatu pa560 ℃ × 1h. .

Chechishanu, zvine musoro kuderedza kudzika kweiyo seepage layer

Iyo kemikari yekupisa kupisa kutenderera kwakareba uye inoshandisa simba rakawanda. Kana iyo yakadzika yekupinza kwemukati inogona kuderedzwa kupfupisa nguva, iyo yakakosha nzira yekuchengetedza simba. Iyo inodiwa yakaomeswa yakaomeswa kudzika yakatemwa nekuyerwa kwekushushikana, izvo zvakaratidza kuti ikozvino yakaomeswa dhizaini yaive yakadzika uye chete 70% yetsika yakaomeswa kudzika kwechikafu yaive yakakwana. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti carbonitriding inogona kuderedza kudzika kwakadzika ne30% kusvika 40% zvichienzaniswa necarburizing. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana kudzika kwekupinda kuchidzorwa kusvika kumucheto wakaderera wezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi mukugadzirwa chaiko, 20% yesimba inogona kuponeswa, uye nguva uye deformation inogona zvakare kuderedzwa.

Yechitanhatu, shandisa tembiricha yepamusoro uye vacuum kemikari kupisa kurapwa

High-tembiricha kemikari kupisa kurapwa ndiko kuwedzera kemikari kupisa kupisa tembiricha pasi pemamiriro akamanikana apo tembiricha yekushandisa inobvumira uye austenite tsanga dzesimbi kuti dzipinzwe hadzikure, nekudaro zvinomhanyisa zvakanyanya kukurumidza kwe carburization. Kuwedzera tembiricha yecarburizing kubva pa930 ℃ kusvika 1000 ℃ kunogona kuwedzera kumhanya kwe carburizing kanopfuura ka2. Zvisinei, nokuti pachine matambudziko akawanda, budiriro yeramangwana ishoma. Vacuum kemikari kupisa kurapwa kunoitwa mune yakaipa-kumanikidza gasi chikamu chepakati. Nekuda kwekucheneswa kweiyo workpiece pamusoro pevacuum uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro tembiricha, chiyero chekupinda chinowedzera zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, vacuum carburizing inogona kuwedzera chibereko ne1 kusvika ku2 nguva; apo aluminium uye chromium zvakapinzwa pa 133.3 × (10-1 kusvika 10-2) Pa, chiyero chekupinda chinogona kuwedzerwa nekanopfuura ka10.

Yechinomwe, ion kemikari kupisa kurapwa

Ikemikari kupisa kupisa maitiro anoshandisa kupenya kwekuyerera pakati peworkpiece (cathode) uye anode kuti panguva imwe chete ipinde mukati meiyo maelementi kuti apinzwe mugasi-chikamu chepakati chine zvinhu kuti zvipinzwe mukumanikidzwa pasi pemhepo imwe. Zvakadai seion nitriding, ion carburizing, ion sulfurizing, nezvimwewo, izvo zvine zvakanakira zvekukurumidza kupinda mukati, kunaka kwakanaka, uye kuchengetedza simba.

Yesere, shandisa induction self-tempering

Induction self-tempering inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo chekupisa muchoto. Sezvo kupisa kwemukati kuchishandiswa kuendesa kupisa kune kunze kwechidzitiro chekudzima, kupisa kwasara hakubviswe panguva yekudzima uye kutonhora kuti uwane kudziya kwenguva pfupi. Naizvozvo, inochengetedza simba zvakanyanya uye yakashandiswa mune dzakawanda maapplication. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (akadai seyakakwira kabhoni simbi uye yakakwira kabhoni yakakwira alloy simbi), quenching cracking inogona kudziviswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana imwe neimwe nzira parameter yakatemwa, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi akakosha.

Yepfumbamwe, shandisa post-forging preheating uye kudzima

Preheating uye kudzima mushure mekugadzira haingogone kuderedza kupisa kwekurapa kushandiswa kwesimba uye kurerutsa maitiro ekugadzira, asi zvakare kunatsiridza mashandiro echigadzirwa. Kushandisa post-forging tsvina kupisa kudzimisa + yakakwirira-tembiricha tembiricha sezvo pretreatment inogona kubvisa zvikanganiso post-forging tsvina kupisa quenching seyekupedzisira kupisa kupisa zviyo zvakakasharara uye kutadza kusimba kusimba. Zvinotora nguva pfupi uye zvine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro pane spheroidizing annealing kana general annealing. Pamusoro pezvo, Tembiricha yekudziya kwepamusoro-soro yakadzikira pane yekudziya uye kupisa, saka inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba, uye zvishandiso zviri nyore uye zviri nyore kushanda. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa kujaira, kusara kwekushisa kunojairika mushure mekugadzira hakungogone kuvandudza simba resimbi asi zvakare kunatsiridza kuoma kwepurasitiki, uye kuderedza kutonhora-brittle shanduko yekushisa uye notch senitivity. Semuenzaniso, 20CrMnTi simbi inogona kudziyisa pa730 ~ 630 ℃ pa20 ℃/h mushure mekugadzira. Kukurumidza kutonhora kwakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Chegumi, shandisa kudzima kwepamusoro pachinzvimbo chekuviga uye kudzima

Ongororo yakarongeka pamusoro pezvivakwa (zvakadai sesimba rakamira, simba rekuneta, kuwanda kwesimba kuramba, kusara kwemukati kushushikana) kwepakati nepamusoro kabhoni simbi ine kabhoni ye 0.6% kusvika 0.8% mushure mekudzima kwepamusoro-frequency inoratidza kuti induction quenching inogona yakashandiswa kutsiva zvishoma carburizing. Kudzima zvinogoneka zvachose. Isu takashandisa 40Cr simbi yakakwira-frequency quenching kugadzira magiya egiya, kutsiva yekutanga 20CrMnTi simbi carburizing uye kudzima magiya, uye takabudirira.

11. Shandisa kupisa kwenzvimbo pane kupisa kwese

Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvine zvemuno tekinoroji zvinodiwa (sekupfeka-inodzivirira giya shaft dhayamita, roller dhayamita, nezvimwewo), nzira dzekudziya dzemunharaunda senge yekugezesa cheto yekugezera, kupisa induction, kupisa kwemhepo, uye kupisa kwemurazvo zvinogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo chekudziya kwese kwakadai. sechoto chebhokisi. , inogona kuwana kurongeka kwakakodzera pakati pekukwesha uye kubatanidzwa zvikamu zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kuvandudza hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvikamu, uye nekuti iri munzvimbo yekudziya, inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kudzima deformation uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.

Isu tinonzwisisa zvakadzama kuti kana bhizinesi richigona kushandisa simba zvine hungwaru uye kuwana mabhenefiti ehupfumi ane simba shoma zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekugona kwemidziyo inoshandisa simba, ingave nzira yetekinoroji inonzwisisika, uye kana manejimendi ari esainzi. Izvi zvinoda kuti titarise zvizere kubva mukuona kwakarongeka, uye chese chinongedzo hachigone kufuratirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana tichigadzira maitiro, isu tinofanirawo kuva nemafungiro akazara uye kunyatsobatanidzwa nehupfumi hwebhizimisi. Isu hatigone kuumba maitiro nekuda kwekugadzira maitiro. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha nhasi nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi hwemusika.