1. Insimbi engenasici ayirusi, iphinda ivelise i-oxide phezu komhlaba.

Indlela engenamhlwa yazo zonke iintsimbi ezingenastainless ngoku kwimarike kungenxa yobukho bukaCr.Isizathu esisisiseko sokuxhathisa ukubola kwensimbi engenasici yithiyori yefilimu yokwenziwa.Ifilimu ebizwa ngokuba yi-passivation film yifilimu encinci kakhulu eyenziwe yi-Cr2O3 kumphezulu wensimbi engenasici.Ngenxa yobukho beli filimu, ukubola kwe-substrate yensimbi engenasici kumajelo ahlukeneyo kuthintelwe, kwaye le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-passivation.

Kukho iimeko ezimbini zokuqulunqwa kolu hlobo lwefilimu ye-passivation.Enye yeyokuba intsimbi engenastainless ngokwayo inamandla okuzihambela.Obu buchule bokuzenzela buyanyuka ngokunyuka komxholo wechromium, ngoko bunokumelana nomhlwa;enye Imeko yokwakheka ebanzi ngakumbi kukuba insimbi engenastainless yenza ifilim ye-passive kwinkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi (i-electrolytes) ukuthintela ukubola.Xa ifilimu ye-passivation yonakele, ifilimu entsha ye-passivation inokwakheka ngokukhawuleza.

Ifilimu ye-stainless steel passivation inamandla okuxhathisa i-corrosion, kukho iimpawu ezintathu: okokuqala, ubukhulu befilimu ye-passivation buncinci kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela ii-microns ezimbalwa phantsi kwemeko yomxholo we-chromium> 10.5%;okwesibini kubunzima obuthile befilimu ye-passivation Inkulu kunobunzima obuthile be-substrate;ezi mpawu zimbini zibonisa ukuba ifilimu ye-passivation incinci kwaye ixinene, ngoko ke, ifilimu ye-passivation inzima ukungenwa yi-corrosive medium ukukhawuleza ukutshabalalisa i-substrate;into yesithathu i-chromium concentration ratio yefilimu ye-passivation I-substrate ingaphezulu kwamaxesha amathathu aphezulu;ngoko ke, ifilimu ye-passivation inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.

2. Insimbi engenasici nayo iya kugqwala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Indawo yokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici inzima kakhulu, kwaye ifilimu ecocekileyo ye-chromium oxide passivation ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukongeza izinto ezifana ne-molybdenum (Mo), ubhedu (Cu), i-nitrogen (N), njl njl kwintsimbi ngokwemiqathango yokusetyenziswa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula ukubunjwa kwefilimu ye-passivation kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion. yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo.Ukongeza i-Mo, ngenxa yokuba imveliso ye-corrosion MoO2- isondele kwi-substrate, ikhuthaza kakhulu i-collective passivation kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwe-substrate;ukongezwa kweCu kwenza ifilimu ye-passive ebusweni bensimbi engenasici iqulethe i-CuCl, ephuculweyo ngenxa yokuba ayihambelani ne-corrosive medium.Ukumelana nokubola;ukongeza i-N, ngenxa yokuba ifilimu ye-passivation ityetyiswe nge-Cr2N, i-concentration ye-Cr kwifilimu ye-passivation iyanda, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion of steel stainless kunemiqathango.Uphawu lwentsimbi engatyiwayo luyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwindlela ethile, kodwa lunokonakala kwenye indawo.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici nako kuhlobene.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ntsimbi engatyiwayo engadlekiyo kuyo yonke indawo.

3. Isenzeko sokuqonda.

Insimbi engenasici iqulethe i-Cr kwaye yenza ifilimu ye-chromium oxide phezu komhlaba, elahlekelwa ngumsebenzi weekhemikhali kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-passivated state.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo ye-austenitic idlula kwiqondo lokushisa le-475 ~ 850 ℃, i-C iya kudibanisa ne-Cr ukwenza i-chromium carbide (i-Cr23C6) kunye ne-precipitate kwi-crystal.Ngoko ke, umxholo we-Cr kufuphi nomda wengqolowa uyancipha kakhulu, ube ngummandla we-Cr-poor.Ngeli xesha, ukuxhathisa kwayo kwe-corrosion kuya kuncitshiswa, kwaye inomdla ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi, ngoko kubizwa ngokuba yi-sensitization.Uvakalelo lunokonakala kakhulu kwindawo yokusetyenziswa kweasidi ene-oxidizing.Ukongeza, kukho iindawo ezichatshazelwe ngubushushu kunye neendawo zokugoba ezishushu.

4. Ngoko phantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho intsimbi engenasici iya kugqwala?

Enyanisweni, isinyithi esingenasici asiyiyo i-rust, kodwa izinga layo lokubola liphantsi kakhulu kunezinye iintsimbi phantsi kwendawo efanayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokungahoywa.