Umbhobho wensimbi omnene ubhekisela kumxholo ongaphantsi kwe-0.25% ye-carbon steel ngenxa yamandla aphantsi, ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nokuthambile.Ibandakanya uninzi lwenxalenye yentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi yesakhiwo, ubukhulu becala ngaphandle konyango lobushushu olusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zobunjineli, unyango olushushu lwe-carburizing kunye nezinye iinxalenye zoomatshini ezifunekayo ukunxitywa.Umbhobho wentsimbi ethambileyo yokudibanisa i-ferrite kunye ne-pearlite iyancipha amandla ayo kunye nobunzima, i-ductility kunye nokuqina.Ke ngoko, ukumila okubandayo kulungile kwaye kunokukruqula, ukugoba, ukubetha kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza ukubanda.Njengalaa mbhobho wentsimbi uthambileyo unokuqina kakuhle.Umxholo wekhabhoni ukusuka kwi-0.10 ukuya kwi-0.30% yensimbi ethambileyo kulula ukwamkela zonke iintlobo zokucutshungulwa ezifana ne-forging, i-welding kunye nokusika, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni amatyathanga, i-rivets, i-bolts, i-shafts, njl.

Umbhobho wentsimbi ophakathi oqhelekileyo ngowemveliso yezinto zokwakha, izikhongozeli, itanki, iziko kunye noomatshini basefama.Umbhobho wentsimbi womgangatho ophakathi kukwenza ikhebhu yemoto, ihood kunye nezinye iimveliso ezibomvu-nzulu;kwakhona yaqengqeleka imivalo, iimfuno amandla ukuveliswa amacandelo oomatshini.Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umbhobho wentsimbi ethambileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kungekhona ngonyango lobushushu, umxholo wekhabhoni ongaphezulu kwe-0.15% ngonyango lwe-carburizing okanye i-cyanide, esetyenziselwa ukufuna ubushushu obuphezulu bomhlaba, ukunxiba i-shafts elungileyo, i-bushings, i-sprockets kunye nezinye iindawo.Ngenxa yamandla aphantsi ensimbi ye-carbon ephantsi, ukusetyenziswa kunqatshelwe.Kufanelekile ukunyusa i-carbon content ye-manganese kunye nokongeza i-trace vanadium, i-titanium, i-niobium kunye nezinye izinto ezidibeneyo, inokuphucula kakhulu amandla ensimbi.Ukuba unciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi kwaye wongeza inani elincinci le-aluminium, kunye nenani elincinci le-boron carbide yokwenza izinto, unokufumana i-ULCB isethi ephakamileyo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ugcine i-ductility elungileyo kunye nokuqina.

Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi wombhobho wensimbi ophantsi unzima kakhulu kwaye unzima kakhulu, inkqubo yokulinganisa i-normalizing inokuphucula ukucwangciswa.Umbhobho wentsimbi ethambileyo ukholisa ukuba nexesha elininzi, zombini zicima utyekelo lokuguga, kunye notyekelo lokunciphisa ukuguga.Xa ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwintsimbi yobushushu obuphezulu, i-ferritic scraping carbon, i-nitrogen saturation, inokucothisa ukubunjwa kwe-iron carbonitride yayikwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye ngaloo ndlela amandla kunye nobulukhuni bentsimbi, i-ductility ephantsi kunye nokuqina, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-iron. kuphelisa ukuguga.Ngaphandle kokucima kunye nokupholisa umoya wekhabhoni ephantsi kuya kuvelisa ukuguga.Ukuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zentsimbi ephantsi-khabhoni nge-deformation dislocations ferrite ukusuka kwikhabhoni, initrogen atom elastic dislocation interactions, carbon, nitrogen atom rule eqokelelwe kumgca ongalunganga.Inhlanganisela enjalo ye-carbon kunye ne-athomu ye-nitrogen kunye nomgca wokuqhawula ubizwa ngokuba yi-Coriolis-year-old air mass (Ke lop air mass).Kuya kwandisa amandla kunye nobunzima bentsimbi ngelixa kunciphisa i-ductility kunye nokuqina, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-strain aging.Kunokuphelisa ukuguga kombhobho wentsimbi ethambileyo ngexesha loguquko lweplastiki kunye nokuqina iingozi ezinkulu kwigophe elithambileyo linendawo ecacileyo ephezulu nesezantsi yesivuno.Ukusukela ukuba isivuno kwindawo yolwandiso lwenqaku senzeka kude kube sekupheleni, zibonakala zikhubazekile ngenxa yomphezulu ongalinganiyo kunye nokugotywa okwenziwe kumphezulu wesampulu, ebizwa ngokuba yiLuders band.Izitampu ezininzi zidla ngokuchithwa.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuthintela kwayo.Indlela ephezulu ye-deformation yangaphambili, i-pre-deformed steel stamping place emva kwexesha elithile iya kuvelisa i-Luders band, ngoko i-pre-deformed steel stamping ibekwe ngaphambi kwexesha elide.Enye intsimbi, i-aluminium okanye i-titanium yongezwa ekubunjweni kwekhompawundi ezinzile kunye ne-nitrogen ukukhusela ukubunjwa kobuninzi bomoya obangelwa yi-Coriolis deformation yokuguga.