Kusenokubonakala kucace gca ukuba ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi omawuyisebenzise kunokunceda ekuphepheni ukuchitha imali eninzi ngaphezu kwemfuneko kwizinto ezikrwada.Isenokonga ixesha kunye nemali ekusebenzeni okongeziweyo.Ngamanye amazwi, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwentsimbi eshushu kunye nebandayo iya kunceda abaqulunqi kunye neenjineli bafezekise iziphumo ezingcono-nangelona xabiso lilungileyo.

Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zentsimbi yenye yenkqubo.Njengoko unokucinga,“ukuqengqeleka okushushu”ibhekisa kulungiso olwenziwe ngobushushu.“Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo”ibhekisa kwiinkqubo ezenziwa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi okanye kufutshane.Nangona obu buchule buchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, akufanele badideke kunye neenkcukacha ezisemthethweni kunye namabakala ensimbi, ehambelana nokubunjwa kwe-metallurgical kunye nemilinganiselo yokusebenza.Iintsimbi zamabanga ahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha zinokuba zishushu ziqengqeleke okanye ziqengqiwe ngokubanda-kuquka i-carbon esisiseko kunye nezinye iintsimbi ze-alloy.

Intsimbi eQingiweyo eshushu

Intsimbi eshushu esongwayo iye yacinezelwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-1,700˚F), engaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu le-crystallization kwiintsimbi ezininzi.Oku kwenza intsimbi ibe lula ukwenza, kwaye iphinda ibangele imveliso ekulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukucutshungulwa kwentsimbi eshushu, abavelisi baqala ngebillet enkulu, enoxande.I-billet iyafudumala kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-pre-processing, apho ifakwe kwi-roll enkulu.Ukusuka apho, igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye intsimbi evuthayo emhlophe evuthayo iqhutywe ngoluhlu lwee-roller zokuxinzelela ukufikelela kwimilinganiselo yayo egqityiweyo.Kwishiti lesinyithi, abavelisi basonta intsimbi esongiweyo kwiikhoyili kwaye bayishiye ukuba iphole.Kwezinye iifom, ezinjengeemivalo kunye neepleyiti, izinto eziphathekayo zihlukaniswe kwaye zipakishwe.

Intsimbi iyancipha kancinci njengoko iphola.Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi eshushu esongwayo ipholile emva kokulungiswa, kukho ulawulo oluncinci kwimilo yayo yokugqibela, iyenza ukuba ingalungeli usetyenziso oluchanekileyo.Intsimbi eshushu esongiweyo idla ngokusetyenziswa xa imilinganiselo ethile ingekho't kubalulekile-kwimizila kaloliwe nakwiiprojekthi zokwakha, umzekelo.

Intsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo inokuchongwa ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

•Umgangatho owenziweyo, iintsalela zokupholisa ukusuka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

•Imiphetho ejikelezwe kancinci kunye neekona zebar kunye neemveliso zeplate (ngenxa yokuncipha kunye nokugqiba okungachanekanga).

•Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci, apho ukupholisa kunokushiya iifom ze-trapezoidal kancinane kuneengile ezisikwere ngokugqibeleleyo.

Intsimbi eshushu esongwayo ifuna ukucutshungulwa okuncinci kunentsimbi eqengqelekayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingabizi kakhulu.Intsimbi eshushu ephothiweyo nayo ivumelekile ukuba iphole kwiqondo lokushisa, ngoko ke's ngokwesiseko iqhelekile, intsingiselo yayo's ukhululekile kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olunokuthi luvele ngexesha lokucima okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza nzima.

Intsimbi eshushu ephothiweyo ifanelekile apho ukunyamezelana okulinganayo't kubaluleke njengako konke ukomelela kwemathiriyeli, nalapho isiphelo somphezulu singekho'inkxalabo engundoqo.Ukuba ukugqitywa komphezulu kuyinkxalabo, ukukala kunokususwa ngokusila, ukuqhushumba kwesanti, okanye ukucholwa kweasidi.Nje ukuba isikali sisusiwe, ibhrashi okanye izipili ezahlukeneyo zingafakwa.Intsimbi ehlanjululweyo inika umgangatho ongcono wokupeyinta kunye nezinye iingubo zomphezulu.

Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo

Intsimbi epholileyo eqengqelekayo yintsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo eye yadlula ngakumbi.Ukufumana intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo, abavelisi ngokubanzi bathatha intsimbi epholileyo epholileyo kwaye bayiqengqe ngakumbi ukuze bafumane imilinganiselo ethe ngqo kunye neempawu ezingcono zomphezulu.

Kodwa igama“yaqengqeleka”isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuchaza uluhlu lweenkqubo zokugqiba ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, kunye nokupholisha, nganye apho iguqula isitokhwe esele sikhona esishushu sibe yimveliso esulungekileyo.Ngokobuchwephesha,“kubanda kuqengqeleka”isebenza kuphela kumaphepha aphantsi koxinzelelo phakathi kweerola.Kodwa iifom ezifana nemivalo okanye iityhubhu zinjalo“izotyiwe,”ayiqengqelwanga.Ke imivalo eshushu esongisiweyo kunye neetyhubhu, xa sele zipholile, zicutshungulwa zibe yinto ebizwa“kubanda kugqityiwe”imibhobho kunye nemivalo.

Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo inokuchongwa ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

•Imiphezulu engaphezulu egqityiweyo ngokunyamezela ngokusondeleyo.

•Imiphezulu egudileyo edla ngokuba ne-oyile xa uyibamba.

•Iibha zinyani kwaye zisikwere, kwaye zihlala zinemiphetho echazwe kakuhle kunye neekona.

•Iityhubhu zinokufanelana okugxininise ngakumbi kunye nokuthe tye.

Ngeempawu zomphezulu ezingcono kunentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo, yona'Akumangalisi ukuba intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo isoloko isetyenziselwa izicelo ezichane ngakumbi ngokobuchwephesha okanye apho ubuhle bubalulekile.Kodwa, ngenxa yenkqubo eyongezelelweyo yeemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezibandayo, ziza ngexabiso eliphezulu.

Ngokweempawu zabo zomzimba, unyango olusebenzayo olubandayo lunokudala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli.Ngamanye amazwi, ukwenza intsimbi ebandayo-nokuba kukusikwa, ukusila, okanye ukuwelda-inokukhulula uxinezeleko kwaye ikhokelele kungquzulwano olungalindelekanga.

Kuxhomekeke kwinto oyenzayo're ujonge ukwakha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nezithintelo.Kwiiprojekthi ezizodwa okanye imveliso enye, izinto zentsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili zinokubonelela ngeebhloko zokwakha naluphi na ukucwangciswa kwesakhiwo esicingelwayo.

Kwiiprojekthi apho uya kube usenza iiyunithi ezininzi, ukuphosa yenye inketho enokonga ixesha kumatshini kunye nokuhlanganisa.Amalungu eCast angenziwa phantse naluphi na uhlobo kuluhlu lwezinto ezisemgangathweni.