Phezuluumbhobho wengxubevangeukomeleza i-deformation kukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuqinisa intsimbi.Ikwabizwa ngokuba lukhuni okanye ukuqina koxinzelelo.Amandla ezinto eziphathekayo kwi-macro (okanye yonke) ukukwazi ukuxhathisa i-deformation (okanye uxinzelelo lokuhamba).Ukuqina kukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yendawo (nokuba ukuqina, ukuqina kweVickers, ukuqina kweRockwell okanye iBrinell).Bobabini banobudlelwane obuhambelanayo kwiimeko ezininzi.Amandla ezinto eziphathekayo, ukuxhathisa okukhulu kweplastiki, ukuphakama kwexabiso lobunzima.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuphakama kobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, izinto eziphathekayo zinokuba ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-brittleness, amandla ayo awabonakali ngokupheleleyo kwixabiso lesalathisi samandla alikho phezulu.

Kuba ixesha elide zixhomekeke kunyango ubushushu, kunye nokusetyenziswa izinto kumaqondo obushushu kakuhle ngaphantsi recrystallization ubushushu ingxubevange ityhubhu high-uxinzelelo umbhobho impahla yentsimbi, badla ngokusebenzisa abandayo (deformation ebandayo) kuthetha ukwenza oko ngokuqiniswa deformation ukuphucula amandla.Ke ngoko, i-deformation iqinisa i-essence ye-recrystallization ubushushu bezinto ezibandayo zilandelayo, kunye neqondo lokuguqulwa (uxinzelelo) luyanda, olukhokelela kuxinaniso oluphezulu lwe-dislocation (iziphene zekristale), ukuphakama kokuxinana kwekristale, okukhona iqondo lophuculo, kokukhona unyuka uxinzelelo lokuhamba.Emva koxinzelelo lokuhamba kwe-deformation kwiityhubhu zetsimbi akufuneki zilingane phambi kokuba i-flow stress deformation iqinisa i-deformation kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo lokuhamba.Ukusetyenziswa ukomeleza deformation ukuphumeza iimveliso zentsimbi amandla aphezulu, yintsimbi eqhelekileyo high-carbon steel ebandayo-drawn intsimbi yentsimbi kunye ephantsi-carbon low-alloy duplex intsimbi ebandayo ucingo lwentsimbi.

Ngeqondo lokunyuka kwe-deformation, amandla ezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobunzima obuphezulu nangaphezulu, kodwa i-ductility yayo kunye nokuqina kwayo ihlala iphantsi nangaphantsi, i-brittle ngakumbi nangakumbi, efuna ukuthatha amanyathelo anzima ukuphucula imeko.Yangaphakathi efakwe kwinguqu yesigaba se-martensitic ngexesha lokupholisa ukuqina, isiseko sayo somzimba, ikwayeyokomelezwa kwe-deformation, kodwa ngeli xesha ayiveli kwi-deformation yangaphandle, kodwa isuka kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-martensitic ye-crystal high-density bit ngokwayo i-chear eyenziwe ngempazamo. .