Umbhobho wokuthwala luhlobo oluthileumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungonge-hot-rolled or cold-rolled (cold drawn), esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamakhonkco okuzala aqhelekileyo.Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho ngokuqhelekileyo bu-25-180 mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-3.5-20 mm.Ukuthwala intsimbi kusetyenziselwa ukwenza ibhola, i-roller kunye nentsimbi yokuthwala intsimbi.Iibheringi zisebenza phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokungqubana, kufuna ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nobufanayo bentsimbi kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kunye nomda ophezulu we-elastic.Ukuthwala ukufana kweekhemikhali zensimbi, ukubandakanywa kwezinto ezingezizo zetsimbi kunye nokusabalalisa, ukuhanjiswa kwee-carbides kunye nezinye iimfuno ziyimfuneko engqongqo kakhulu kuyo yonke imveliso yentsimbi kwelinye lamabanga anzima kakhulu ensimbi.

Ukuthwala intsimbi ineemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wokunyibilikisa, okwangoku, kwaye ifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwesulfure, i-phosphorus, umxholo we-hydrogen, kunye ne-non-metallic inclusions kunye ne-carbides yenombolo, ubungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa, ukubandakanywa kwe-non-metallic kunye ne-carbides njengenani, ubukhulu kunye ubomi inkonzo yokuhambisa intsimbi ethwele impembelelo enkulu, ngokufuthi ukuthwala ukungaphumeleli kukwi-carbide inclusions enkulu okanye i-micro-cracks eyenziwe malunga nokwandiswa ukuya.Umxholo ofakiweyo kunye nomxholo we-oksijeni kwinsimbi uhambelana ngokusondeleyo nomxholo ophezulu we-oksijeni, ngakumbi inani lokubandakanywa, ixesha elifutshane lokuphila.Kwaye i-carbide inclusions isayizi enkulu yamasuntswana, ukuhanjiswa okufanayo ngakumbi, ubomi benkonzo bufutshane, kunye nobukhulu bayo, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa kunye nomgangatho wokunyibilikisa unxulumene ngokusondeleyo, ngoku uvelisa imveliso yentsimbi kunye neyona nkqubo iphambili iqhubekayo. ukuphosa inkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-EAF + ESR, kunye nenani elincinci le-vacuum induction vacuum arc double vacuum okanye + ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-vacuum consumable kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuphucula umgangatho wokuthwala intsimbi.

Ekubeni ukuthwala kufuneka kube nobomi obude, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukushisa okuphantsi, isantya esiphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ingxolo ephantsi, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nezinye iimpawu, ngoko kufuna umbhobho wokuthwala kufuneka ube: ubunzima obuphezulu, ubunzima obufanayo, umda ophezulu we-elastic, ophezulu. amandla okudibana nokudinwa, kufuneka ukuqina, ukuqina kufuneka kube kwi-atmospheric corrosion resistance of the lubricant.Ukufezekisa ezi mfuno zokusebenza, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zeebheringi zensimbi i-homogeneity, umxholo wokungeniswa kwensimbi kunye nohlobo, ubungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-carbides, i-decarburization ifuna.Intsimbi ephetheyo iyonke ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nolwalathiso lweentlobo ezininzi.Ukuthwala intsimbi ngokweempawu kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa zihlulwe zibe: i-carbon chromium ephezulu ephethe intsimbi, i-carburizing intsimbi, i-high-high-high-high-standing steel, i-stainless steel stainless kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuthwala.Ukuhlangabezana nobushushu obuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, umthwalo ophezulu, ukubola, iimfuno ezichasene ne-radiation, kufuneka ziphuhlise uchungechunge lwentsebenzo ekhethekileyo yensimbi entsha yokuthwala.Ukuze kuncitshiswe isiqulatho seoksijini yentsimbi yokuthwala, uphuhliso lwe-vacuum smelting, i-electroslag remelting, i-electron beam remelting ethwele iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa intsimbi.Ubuninzi bentsimbi yokunyibilika kwentsimbi nge-arc yokunyibilika, ukuphuhla kuzo zonke iintlobo zeziko lokusulungekisa laseKhanada.