Ukuhlangabezana iingxaki emngxunyeni zixhaphake kakhulu kwinkqubo welding, izinto welding ukomisa, umhlwa isiseko metal kunye consumables welding, inkqubo welding ayizinzile ngokwaneleyo ioli kunye nokungcola kunye nokukhusela amahlwempu iya kuba ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo blowholes.Ukuhlelwa kwe-weld porosity, i-blowholes sizathu esisisiseko kungenxa yobushushu obuphezulu besinyithi esityhidiweyo ngokunyibilikisa isixa esikhulu segesi, isahlulo segesi kwi-weld xa ixesha lecrystallization libaleka, ukubunjwa kweepores.

Ngokuhambelana nokwakhiwa kwegesi eveliswayo, i-porosity kwintsimbi ye-weld emva kwe-welding ikakhulu yi-hydrogen umngxuma kunye ne-CO stomatal.Kuba low-carbon steel welding, umngxuma hydrogen kwi weld surface kwimeko uninzi cross-icandelo le pores Screw-ezimilise, agudileyo udonga isandisi-lizwi umlomo-ezimile xa ijongwe kumphezulu weld.Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, ukunyibilika kwehydrogen kwindawo yokuhlambela etyhidiweyo kunye nethontsi yentsimbi iphezulu, ukuqina ngokukhawuleza kwentsimbi ye-weld kwinkqubo ye-welding, i-hydrogen ishiywe kade ukuba ingabaleka, yenziwa kwigesi ye-weld.CO isizukulwana imingxunya ikakhulu ngenxa reactions metallurgical ukuvelisa CO igesi eseleyo crystallization ngaphakathi weld.Ukuhanjiswa kwe-stomatal ecaleni kwekristali yokuqhelaniswa nenkangeleko efana nempethu.Izinto ezichaphazela i-gas pores zidalwe i-metallurgy kunye nokusebenza.Impembelelo enkulu kwimiba metallurgical yokusabela metallurgical yezinto ukuwelda kwinkqubo ukuwelda, ubume bomoya okhuselayo, izinto ukuba welding phambi ukuwelda imeko yantlandlolo, umzekelo, impembelelo ukufuma, umhlwa we weld porosity. isizukulwana.Inkqubo yokuwelda njengenkqubo metallurgical ukuba iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka metallurgical eqhelekileyo, ixesha reaction elifutshane kunye nokhuseleko Atmosphere isixeko amahlwempu ukuze intsimbi weld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi, umbutho umahluko microscopic ikhona.I-oxidation ye-slag stomatal ubuntununtunu bokumelana ne-weld inempembelelo enkulu, iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba zombini i-electrode ene-acidic kunye nesiseko se-CO stomatal tendency yanda ngokunyuka kwe-slag oxidation resistance.Kodwa ukuthambekela komngxuma we-hydrogen ngokuchasene noko.Than CO ngenxa hydrogen kwisakhiwo metal of Compliance Compliance ngoko kaninzi kuthatyathwe zicinezelwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukugcina slag efanelekileyo oxidizing hydrogen.Ikwasetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-welding yokwenene iindlela ezinjalo.Idityaniswe ne-oxidizing eqinile ye-electrode composition.Ukuveliswa kweHydrojeni yomngxuma kunokuthintelwa.I-alkaline electrode yongezwa i-fluorite, ihlala iqulethe inani elithile le-carbonate.Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, i-welding arc heat heat effect ye-Fe203 yokubola ikhupha i-O eyenziwe Fe30 Fe |I-0 ye-HO yokusabela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukuvuselela i-Fe20, kunye ne-H, i-elemental Fe kunye ne-HO FeO kunye ne-H iveliswa kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, kunokubonwa umhlwa ekubunjweni kweentlobo ezimbini ze-pores zinempembelelo enkulu.Inkcazo ye-welding eqhelekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-weld porosity inempembelelo ethile, kodwa ukuthatha imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokusebenza, i-welding yangoku, i-welding voltage inefuthe elincinane ekubunjweni kweepores kwi-low-carbon steel welding.

Kwi-low-carbon steel welding, i-weld fusion zone, inclusions, iya kubangela ukuncipha kokuqina kwentsimbi ye-weld, ukwandisa ukutyekela ekuqhekekeni okutshisayo kunye nokukrazula kwe-lamellar.Ukufakwa kwi-weld ikakhulu i-oxides, i-nitrides kunye ne-sulfides.I-oxide inclusions kwaye ngokubanzi ikhona ngendlela ye-silicate, i-silica;inclusions oxide eveliswe ngokuyintloko reactions metallurgical ngenxa yenkqubo welding, eyona nkqubo welding kwi welding material kwaye ukhethe iimeko ezifanelekileyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-welding engafanelekanga ixutywe i-weld oxide inclusions yimali encinci.I-Nitride ixutywe ikakhulu i-N kwi-low-carbon steel welding, i-Fe4N yentsimbi ye-welding precipitates ngexesha lokuguga, ifom efana nenaliti isasazwa kwiinkozo okanye kwimida yengqolowa, okubangelwa ukuhla kokuqina kwentsimbi ye-weld.I-carbon steel welding ephantsi, umthombo we-nitrogen kwi-atmosphere ejikelezileyo, okt ukusuka kwi-atmosphere ejikelezileyo yangena kwi-weld puddle ngelixa igesi ye-nitrogen yabangelwa ukufakwa kunye nokhuseleko olubi lwenkqubo ye-welding ikakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-nitride inclusions.Isulfure yesulfure ubukhulu becala ivela kwizixhobo zokuwelda, ezinje ngewelding rod coating, flux, weld sulfide MnS and FeS.Ukufakwa kwe-weld kubangela ukuveliswa kwe-welding yangempela ngokubanzi: ukukhethwa kwe-welding engalunganga okanye engafanelekanga;iinkcukacha ze-welding ezingafanelekanga, ezifana ne-welding current, i-welding voltage engafanelekanga ekhokelela kwi-slag kunzima ukunyuka;ukuwelda kunye ne-welding eninzi, i-weld ayicocekanga i-slag;i-welding, i-angle ye-electrode kunye ne-bar yokuthutha engafanelekanga isinyithi esityhidiweyo kunye ne-slag exutywe kunye;ukusebenza kakubi kwe-weld pool yokukhusela, umoya wokungena kwi-welding ekhuselayo.

Amanyathelo obugcisa okuthintela iziphene ze-weld yentsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-welding kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokubunjwa kwentsimbi ye-weld, enokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni iziphene ze-welding.Imiba yenkqubo ibandakanya imiba yenkcazo ye-welding, uhlobo lwangoku kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding.Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lonikezelo lwamandla e-welding kwi-welding materials luyimfuneko yokuthintela iziphene ze-welding.Ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ze-welding ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lobuchwepheshe be-elektroniki, umthombo wamandla we-welding nawo uphantsi kwenguqu enzulu.Kwimibhobho yentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni izixhobo zokuwelda, izixhobo zokuwelda eziqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni.Kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo esibangelwayo akunakungahoywa.Kufuneka ulungiselele iimeko ezifanelekileyo zezixhobo zesiseko zijolise kumanyathelo enkqubo ye-welding.Kubandakanya ukucaciswa kwe-welding, uhlobo lwangoku, imisebenzi ye-welding, i-groove kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ecocekileyo.Iimpawu ze-welding ziquka i-welding current, i-welding voltage, isantya se-welding kunye nezinye iiparamitha.Imisebenzi ye-welding kufuneka iqhutywe kwiinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo.Kwimeko ye-welding voltage.Ukunyuka kwangoku kwe-welding kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kobunzulu bokungena kwebhafu etyhidiweyo;kwimeko ye-welding yangoku, ukunyuka kwe-welding voltage kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kobubanzi be-bath melt;kodwa ukwanda kwangoku.Isiphumo kwi-arc transition amasuntswana esinyithi atyhidiweyo ayancipha.Umlinganiselo wommandla womhlaba uyanda, irhasi efunxwe kukuguquka kwamasuntswana esinyithi anyibilikisiweyo Amathuba amaninzi okwanda kwe-stomatal;Umbane we-arc obangelwa kukunyuka kwe-welding umoya okhuselayo wehla, umoya ongaphandle ungene lula;isantya welding sanda, ukwenzela ukuba isantya crystallization kwandiswe, kodwa kulula ukwenza irhasi eseleyo Ukuthambekela okwandisiweyo yokubangela imingxuma kwi weld metal.Ngoko ke, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukugcina imimiselo eqhelekileyo yokwakha ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kweziphene.