Carbon steel defect inokonzerwa nemidziyo, maitiro uye kushanda mu carbon steel smelting uye rolling (forging) process, kusanganisira scarring, cracks, residual shrinkage, layered, white point, segregation, non-metallic inclusions, zvakadai se osteoporosis uye banded.

Scarring

Hapana mavanga uye base simbi pamusoro weld simbi kana metalloid mavanga zvidhinha.Dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzakabatana nehwaro, rakanga riri rurimi;mamwe asina kubatana nematrix, scaly.Iyo yekupedzisira dzimwe nguva inodzima panguva yekugadziriswa, kugadzira makomba.Simbi (yakakandwa) mavanga anokonzerwa nevanga kazhinji ane yakaderera isiri-simbi inclusions inoonekwa neziso rakashama.Kukanganisa kunokanganisa kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka uye kutaridzika kwema mechanical properties yesimbi.Mavanga haabvumirwi pamberi pesimbi yakapedzwa.Scarring inogona kukuya zvikamu zvekugadzirisa mushure mekugadzirisa kwesimbi yekukuya saizi inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa.

Mutswe

Mitswe inoumbwa nechimiro uye inodoma zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, senge crack, transverse crack, crack, crack, hairline, burst (loud crack), rattle (Jiao crack), rolling and shear crack bifida.Kubva pakugadzira simbi, kukunguruka kuita simbi kugadzirisa dzinenge nzira dzese dzine zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kutsemuka.

Residual shrinkage

Simbi yakanyungudutswa panguva yekusimba, nekuda kwekuderera kwevhoriyamu muingot kana billet haina kuzadzwa zvakakwana yepakati chikamu chakaumbwa netubular kana maburi ekuparadzira.Pamberi pekupisa kwekupisa, nekuti kutema musoro kwanyanya kudiki kana craters kudzika, zvichikonzera kusingaperi resection, chikamu chinosara chinonzi residual shrinkage.Izvo zvakasara zvakagoverwa mu shrinkage panzvimbo yepamusoro ye ingot, uye ingot kuburikidza nepamusoro inonzi cratering.

Stratified

Kusunga uye kusaonekwa pane maviri-layer chimiro chesimbi substrate.Stratification inowanzoenderana nepamusoro pekumanikidza kugadzirisa, muchikamu chelongitudinal yakachinjika mitsetse mitema ndeye yakaderera magnification specimen.Kutsemuka kwakakanyiwa kwakakura kwakaitika mukutyoka kunowanzo kuve nesimbi, isiri-metallic inclusions uye zvakanyanya segregation zvinhu.Akaurayiwa simbi ingot ingot kufashaira craters uye makomba panoperera chibharumu uye kukunguruka (forging) haigoni kubatanidzwa pamwe chete kuti ibudise stratification.Yakakura inclusions musimbi uye inogona kuburitsa yakanyanya kuparadzanisa layering.Layering haabvumirwi mukukanganisa kwesimbi zvakanyanya kukanganisa kushandiswa kwesimbi.

White Point

Pasimbi yakatwasuka, cross-sectional acid leaching test chidimbu, hapana mutemo wekusiyana kureba kwebvudzi.Ndidzo nguva dzakaderera mune inochinjika specimen radial, concentric kana zvisina kugoverwa, multi-center, kana kubva pamusoro pesimbi ine chinhambwe chakati.Simbi yakaputsika mune yakachinjika kana kureba, denderedzwa kana oval chena maficha.Avhareji yedhayamita ye3 ~ 10mm.Simbi ndiro mulongitudinal, yakachinjika kutsemuka hunhu makwapa machena haisi pachena, asi kutsemuka kunoratidzwa kune mitsetse kana makwapa machena akaita ovhari mu z.Paunenge uchishandisa fracture inotarisa mavara machena, zviri nani kutanga kudzima mienzaniso uye kudzima.

Kusarurana

Zvikamu zvesimbi zvisina kuenzana.Ichi chiitiko hachisi chinhu chakajairika chete (chakadai sekabhoni, manganese, silicon, sarufa, phosphorus) kugovera kusaenzana, asiwo kwete-metallic inclusions uye gasi kugovera kufanana.Chikonzero ndechekuti kupatsanurwa kunomuka panguva yekusimba kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, izvo zvinokonzeresa makristasi separators.Kazhinji inosanganiswa nedhigirii rekuparadzanisa ingot, simbi, kunyungudika uye kukanda mamiriro ekushanda.Alloying elements, kupatsanurwa kwetsvina nemagasi, netembiricha yekukanda uye nekukandira kumhanya, ndiko kunonyanya kuoma dhigirii rekuparadzanisa.Kunyangwe simbi inoshandisa electromagnetic inomutsa inogona kuderedza dhigirii rekuparadzanisa.Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera kwekuchena kwesimbi ndiyo chiyero chakakosha chekuderedza kuparadzaniswa.

Non-metallic inclusions

Simbi ine chikamu chesimbi uye substrate yakasiyana nonmetallic zvinhu.Inoparadza kuenderera uye isotropic zvinhu zvesimbi matrix.Maererano nekwakabva kusiri-metallic inclusions inogona kukamurwa kuva endogenous inclusions, yekunze inclusions uye misanganiswa yavo.Endogenous inclusions ndeye deoxidation uye akasiyana emuviri uye kemikari maitiro anoitwa nekuumbwa kwemakristasi, kunyanya simbi okisijeni, sarufa, nitrogen, pakati pezvimwe zvikamu zvine chigadzirwa.

Loose

Kwete dense thermal etching phenomenon steel sectional tissue specimen.Thermal etching pane simbi muchinjika-chikamu specimen, kune akawanda ma pores uye dema speks anosimudzira, achipa chiitiko chisiri chakaomarara, chinodaidzwa kuti yakasununguka kana imwe yeaya ma pores uye matema matema akagoverwa mukati mechikamu chebvunzo, akaiswa pakati pe nzvimbo yacho inonzi osteoporosis .Thermal etching mumienzaniso yelongitudinal yakaratidza mitsetse yakasununguka yehurefu hwakasiyana, asi kunyatsotarisisa kana kutarisa ne8 kusvika ka10 girazi rinokudza, mitsetse isina kudzika.Porosity yakacherechedzwa nekuongorora erekitironi maikorosikopu kana mitsetse inogona kuwanikwa distal dendrites isina epamusoro maficha esimbi makristasi.

Banded

Mushure mekupisa kwekugadziriswa kwesimbi yakaderera-kabhoni, iyo microstructure yeferrite uye pearlite inofananidzwa munzira inotenderedza, zonal kugovera, yakagadzira simbi yakasungwa chimiro.Banded chimiro chakanyanya simbi yesimbi isina kuenzana kuita, iyo inokonzeresa zvimiro zvesimbi, kugadzira michina kune yakasarudzika.Banded yakaderera simbi ductility, kuoma uye kudzikisira, kunyanya hukuru hukuru pane inochinjika mechanika zvinhu.