Akasangana negomba matambudziko akajairika chaizvo mukuita welding, welding zvinhu kuomeswa, ngura yehwaro simbi uye welding consumables, welding muitiro haina kugadzikana zvakakwana mafuta uye tsvina uye kudzivirira varombo achava siyana madhigirii blowholes.Classification ye weld porosity, iyo blowholes chikonzero chakakosha imhaka yekukwira kwekushisa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa nekunyungudutsa huwandu hukuru hwegasi, chikamu chegasi muweld kana nguva yekristalllization yekutiza, kuumbwa kwemapores.

Zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa gasi kuumbwa, porosity mu weld simbi mushure mewelding inonyanya hydrogen iyo gomba uye CO stomatal.Kune yakaderera-kabhoni simbi welding, hydrogen gomba mu weld pamusoro munyaya yakawanda yemuchinjikwa-chikamu che pores sikuruu-yakaita, yakatsetseka madziro gudzanzwi muromo-yakaita kana ichionekwa kubva pamusoro weld.Nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kunyungudika kwehydrogen mubhavhu rakanyungudutswa uye simbi inodonhedza yakakwira, nekukasira kusimba kwesimbi yeweld mukuita welding, haidhirojeni yanonoka kupukunyuka, inoumbwa muweld gasi.CO chizvarwa chemakomba inonyanya kukonzerwa nemetallurgical reactions inogadzira CO gasi inosara mune crystallization mukati me weld.Kugoverwa kwestomatal pamwe nekristaro kutaridzika kune chitarisiko chakafanana nehonye.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa gasi pores zvinogadzirwa simbi uye hunyanzvi.Iko kukanganiswa kukuru kwemetallurgical maitiro eiyo metallurgical reaction yewelding zvinhu muwelding process, chimiro chemhepo inodzivirira, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuiswa welded isati yavekuchidzira mamiriro ekutanga, semuenzaniso, kukanganisa kwehunyoro, kukora kweiyo weld porosity. generation.Welding muitiro semetallurgical muitiro kuva hunhu hwakasiyana neakajairika metallurgical, pfupi kuita nguva uye kudzivirira Atmosphere varombo guta kuitira kuti weld simbi uye hwaro simbi zvinhu, sangano microscopic musiyano uripo.Iko oxidation ye slag stomatal senitivity yekupikisa kwe weld ine simba guru, zviedzo zvinoratidza kuti zvose acidic uye basic electrode CO stomatal tendency inowedzera nekuwedzera slag oxidation resistance.Asi maitiro ehidrojeni gomba kune zvinopesana.Kupfuura CO nokuda hydrogen musimbi chimiro Compliance Compliance saka kazhinji kutorwa akadzvinyirirwa kuitira kubudirira kuchengeta slag zvakakodzera oxidizing haidrojeni.Inoshandiswawo mune chaiyo welding kugadzirwa nzira dzakadaro.Yakawedzerwa neakasimba oxidizing acid electrode kuumbwa.Hydrogen chizvarwa chegomba chinogona kudzivirirwa.Iyo alkaline electrode yakawedzerwa fluorite, kazhinji ine imwe huwandu hwecarbonate.Munguva yewelding process, iyo welding arc kudziyisa mhedzisiro yeFe203 decomposition inoburitsa O yakagadzirwa Fe30 Fe |0 HO kuita pane tembiricha yakakwira kuti igadzirise Fe20, uye H, elemental Fe uye HO FeO uye H inogadzirwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, inogona kuoneka ngura yekuumbwa kwemhando mbiri dzepores ine simba rakakura.Normal welding operation welding specification yekugadzirwa kweweld porosity ine chimwe chinokanganisa, asi kutora zvirevo zvakakodzera zvekushanda, welding current, welding voltage haina kukanganisa pakuumbwa kwemapores mu low-carbon steel welding.

Mune yakaderera-kabhoni simbi welding, iyo weld fusion zone, inclusions, inokonzeresa kuderera kwekuoma kwesimbi weld, kuwedzera tsika yekupisa kuputika uye lamellar kubvaruka.Inclusions mu weld kunyanya oxides, nitrides uye sulfides.Oxide inclusions uye yakawanda inowanikwa muchimiro chesilicate, silica;oxide inclusions inogadzirwa zvakanyanya metallurgical reactions nekuda kweiyo welding process, iyo chaiyo welding process mune welding zvinhu uye sarudza mamiriro akakodzera nekuda kwekusaita welding oparesheni yakasanganiswa weld oxide inclusions ishoma.Nitride yakasanganiswa kunyanya N mune yakaderera-kabhoni simbi welding, iyo Fe4N welding simbi inonaya panguva yekuchembera, senge tsono fomu yakagoverwa muzviyo kana kuburikidza nemiganhu yezviyo, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekuoma kwesimbi yeweld.Low carbon steel welding, sosi yenitrogen yemhepo yakapoteredza, kureva kubva kumhepo yakapoteredza yakapinda weld puddle ukuwo nitrogen gasi yakakonzerwa nekubatanidzwa uye kusadzivirirwa kweiyo welding process inonyanya kukonzerwa nekuumbwa kwe nitride inclusions.Sulfur sulfide mune kazhinji inouya zvakanyanya kubva kune welding zvinhu, senge welding rod coating, flux, weld sulfide MnS uye FeS.Weld inclusions inokonzeresa chaiyo welding kugadzirwa kazhinji: kusarudzwa kwewelding isiriyo kana isina musoro;welding specifications zvisina kufanira, senge welding current, welding voltage zvisina kufanira zvichikonzera slag inonetsa kukwira;tack welding uye multi-welding, iyo weld haina kuchena slag;welding, kona ye electrode uye bhari yekutakura isina kufanira simbi yakanyungudutswa uye slag yakasanganiswa pamwe chete;varombo weld dziva kudzivirira kushanda, mhepo intrusion welding inodzivirira mamiriro.

Matanho ehunyanzvi ekudzivirira yakaderera-kabhoni simbi pombi weld defects
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvewelding zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda uye kuumbwa kwesimbi ye weld, iyo ine kukosha kwakakosha kwekudzivirira uye kutonga kwekuremara kwewelding.Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu anosanganisira zvikamu zveiyo welding yakatarwa, mhando yezvino uye welding mashandiro.Sarudzo yakakodzera yemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira zvinhu zvekushongedza chinhu chinodiwa chekudzivirira kukanganiswa kwewelding.Welding midziyo yekutsiva nekukurumidza, nekuda kwekukurumidza kuvandudza kwemagetsi tekinoroji, welding magetsi sosi iri kuitawo shanduko yakadzama.Kune zvakajairika pasi kabhoni simbi pombi welding zvinhu, zvakajairika welding midziyo kuvaka.Asi kuita kwakanaka kwechishandiso chekushanda kwakakonzerwa hakugone kuregererwa.Inofanirwa kugadzirira inonzwisisika nzvimbo yemidziyo mamiriro akanangana nematanho ekuita welding.Kusanganisira welding yakatarwa, mhando yeazvino, welding mashandiro, groove uye layer yakachena process zvinodiwa.Welding mataurirwo anosanganisira welding current, welding voltage, welding speed uye mamwe maparameter.Welding mashandiro anofanirwa kuitwa mune yakajairika yakatarwa.Panyaya ye welding voltage.Iko welding ikozvino kuwedzera kuchaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwehupamhi hwekupinda kwebhati yakanyungudutswa;kana iri welding ikozvino, welding voltage inowedzera ichaita kuti kuwedzera kwehupamhi hwekugezera kunyunguduka;asi ikozvino inowedzera.Mhedzisiro muarc shanduko yakanyungudutswa simbi zvidimbu inodzikira.Ratio yenzvimbo yepamusoro inowedzera, iyo gasi inobatwa nekuchinja kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa zvidimbu Multiple yakawedzera stomatal tendency;arc voltage inokonzerwa nekuwedzera welding yekudzivirira yemhepo yakadzikira, kunze kwemhepo kupinda nyore;welding speed inowedzera, kuitira kuti crystallization iwedzere, asi zvakare nyore kuita gasi rinosara Kuwedzera maitiro ekukonzera maburi musimbi ye weld.Naizvozvo, sezvinobvira kuchengetedza zvakajairwa zvekuvaka zvimiro zvinobatsira kuchizvarwa chekuremara.