Efere efere ígwè na oyi na-agbaji agbawa mgbe ígwè efere ọkụ ịkpụ na ịgbado ọkụ n'ozuzu nwere otu ihe ngosi, nke abụọ bụ cracks n'etiti efere. Site n'echiche nke ojiji, a ghaghị iwepụ efere ígwè ahụ delaminated. Ekwesịrị iwepụ delamination niile n'ozuzu ya, enwere ike wepu delamination mpaghara na mpaghara. A na-egosipụta mgbawa oyi na-agbaji nke efere ígwè ahụ dị ka ịgbawa n'etiti, nke ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọkwa "ịgbawa". Maka ịdị mma nke nyocha, ọ ka mma ịkọwa ya dị ka "mgbawa oyi na-agbaji". Enwere ike ịgwọ ntụpọ a site na usoro mmezi yana teknụzụ ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị na-ewepụghị ya.

1. Efere efere ígwè delamination
Delamination bụ oghere mpaghara na mpaghara obe nke efere ígwè (billet), nke na-eme ka akụkụ nke efere ígwè na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ mpaghara. Ọ bụ ntụpọ na-egbu egbu na ígwè. A gaghị ehichapụ efere ígwè ahụ, lee ihe oyiyi 1. A na-akpọkwa nkwụsịtụ interlayer na delamination, nke bụ ntụpọ n'ime nchara. Afụ dị na ingot (billet), nnukwu ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla, oghere ndị fọdụrụnụ nke na-ewepụchabeghị ma ọ bụ mpịachi, na nkewa siri ike nwere ike ịkpata stratification nke ígwè, na usoro mbelata mpịakọta enweghị ezi uche nwere ike ime ka stratification ahụ dịkwuo njọ.

2. Ụdị nke stratification efere ígwè
Dabere na ihe kpatara ya, stratification na-egosipụta onwe ya n'ebe dị iche iche na ụdị. Ụfọdụ na-ezoro ezo n'ime nchara, na n'ime elu bụ myirịta ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè na nchara n'elu; ụfọdụ na-agbatị n'elu ígwè ma na-etolite oghere-dị ka ntụpọ elu n'elu ígwè. N'ozuzu, e nwere ụdị abụọ:
Nke mbụ bụ oghere stratification. Enwere ike ịchọta ntụpọ stratification a macroscopically na mgbawa nke ígwè ahụ, a pụkwara nyochaa ya ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Nke abụọ bụ stratification mechiri emechi. Enweghị ike ịhụ ntụpọ stratification a na mgbawa nke ígwè, ọ na-esikwa ike ịchọta ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-enweghị 100% ultrasonic flaw detection nke ọ bụla efere ígwè. Ọ bụ stratification mechiri emechi n'ime efere ígwè. A na-ebute ntụpọ stratification a site na smelter gaa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na n'ikpeazụ a na-edozi ya na ngwaahịa maka mbupu.
Ịdị adị nke ntụpọ delamination na-ebelata ịdị irè nke efere ígwè na mpaghara delamination na-ebu ibu ma na-ebelata ikike ibu ibu n'otu ntụziaka ahụ dị ka delamination. Ọdịdị nsọtụ nke ntụpọ delamination dị nkọ, nke na-enwe mmetụta nke nrụgide na ọ ga-eme ka nchekasị dị njọ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ebugharị ugboro ugboro, nbudata, kpo oku, na oyi n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, a ga-enwe nnukwu nrụgide ọzọ na mpaghara ịta ahụhụ, na-ebute ike ọgwụgwụ.

3. Usoro nyocha nke mgbawa oyi
3.1 Carbon dakọrọ usoro-ntụle nke oyi mgbawa ọchịchọ nke ígwè
Ebe ọ bụ na mgbawa ike na oyi na-atụ nke ịgbado ọkụ na-emetụta mpaghara ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ígwè ahụ, a na-eji ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na-enyocha n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè nke mgbawa oyi na nchara. A na-agbanwe ọdịnaya nke ihe alloy dị na nchara n'ime nha carbon dị ka ọrụ ya si dị, nke a na-eji dị ka ihe ngosipụta maka nleba anya n'ụdị mgbawa oyi nke nchara, ya bụ usoro carbon. Maka usoro carbon nhata nke nchara dị ala, International Institute of Welding (IIW) na-atụ aro usoro: Ceq(IIW)=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/ 15. Dị ka usoro ahụ si dị, ka ọnụ ahịa nke carbon na-ebuwanye ibu, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ siri ike nke ígwè welded na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe, ọ na-adịkwa mfe ịmepụta oyi oyi na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta. Ya mere, enwere ike iji carbon equivalent iji nyochaa weldability nke ígwè, na usoro usoro kachasị mma iji gbochie ịgbado ọkụ nwere ike ịkwado dị ka weldability si dị. Mgbe ị na-eji usoro nke International Institute tụrụ aro, ma ọ bụrụ na Ceq (IIW) ~ 0.4%, ike siri ike adịghị ukwuu, weldability dị mma, na preheating adịghị achọ tupu ịgbado ọkụ; Ọ bụrụ na Ceq (IIW)  0.4% ~ 0.6%, karịsịa mgbe ọ karịrị 0.5%, ígwè dị mfe imesi ike. Nke a pụtara na weldability emebiela, a na-achọkwa ikpo ọkụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ iji gbochie mgbawa ịgbado ọkụ. Ekwesịrị ịbawanye okpomoku na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu aka ahụ ka ọkpụrụkpụ efere na-abawanye.
3.2 Welding oyi mgbawa uche index
Na mgbakwunye na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, ihe na-akpata mgbawa oyi na mgbado ọkụ dị ala dị elu na-agụnye ọdịnaya nke hydrogen diffusible na metal echekwara, nrụgide mgbochi nke nkwonkwo, wdg Ito et al. nke Japan mere ọtụtụ ule na ihe karịrị ụdị nchara 200 na-eji nyocha nyocha ígwè nke nwere ụdị Y dị na ya na usoro ndị a tụrụ aro dị ka ntinye uche mgbawa oyi nke ejiri kemịkal mejupụtara, hydrogen diffusible, na mgbochi (ma ọ bụ ọkpụrụkpụ efere) guzobere. , ma jiri ntụzịaka mgbawa oyi na-atụ uche iji chọpụta okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke achọrọ tupu ịgbado ọkụ iji gbochie mgbawa oyi. A na-ekwenyekarị na usoro a nwere ike iji mee ihe maka ígwè dị elu nke dị ala na-enwe ihe dị elu nke carbon nke na-erughị 0.16% na ike nkwụsị nke 400-900MPa. PCm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B (%);
PC=Pcm+[H]/60+t/600 (%)
ruo = 1440pc-392 (℃)
Ebe: [H] - - Ọdịnaya hydrogen nwere ike ịgbasa nke ọla edobere nke ejiri ọkọlọtọ Japanese JIS 3113 tụrụ (ml / 100g); t——Ọkpụrụkpụ efere (mm); Iji——obere okpomọkụ tupu ịgbado ọkụ (℃).
Gbakọọ welding oyi mgbawa uche index PC nke ígwè efere nke a ọkpụrụkpụ, na kacha nta preheating okpomọkụ Iji tupu cracking. Mgbe ngụkọ N'ihi To≥50 ℃, ígwè efere nwere ụfọdụ ịgbado ọkụ oyi mgbape uche na kwesịrị preheated.

4. Ndozi nke oyi na-agbaji "ịgbawa" nke nnukwu ihe
Mgbe agbadochara efere ígwè ahụ, akụkụ nke efere ígwè na-agbawa, nke a na-akpọ "delamination". Lee eserese 2 n'okpuru maka ọdịdị ọdịdị nke mgbape ahụ. Ndị ọkachamara n'ịgbado ọkụ kwenyere na ọ ka mma ịkọwa usoro nrụzi dị ka "usoro nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ nke Z-direction cracks na ígwè efere". Ebe ọ bụ na akụrụngwa ahụ buru ibu, ọ bụ nnukwu ọrụ iji wepụ efere ígwè ahụ, wee kụọ ya ọzọ. O yikarịrị ka akụkụ ahụ dum ga-enwe nkwarụ, a ga-ewepụkwa akụkụ ahụ dum, nke ga-akpata nnukwu mfu.
4.1. Ihe kpatara na mgbochi mgbochi nke mgbawa ụzọ Z
Ihe mgbawa Z-direction kpatara site na ịkpụ na ịgbado ọkụ bụ mgbawa oyi. Ka ịdị ike na ọkpụrụkpụ nke efere ígwè ahụ dị ukwuu, ọ ga-adị elu nke nwere ike ime nke mgbawa Z-direction. Otu esi zere ihe omume ya, ụzọ kachasị mma bụ ikpo ọkụ tupu ịchachaa na ịgbado ọkụ, na okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adabere na ọkwa na ọkpụrụkpụ nke efere ígwè. Enwere ike ịme ọkụ ọkụ site na ịcha egbe na igwe eletriki crawler kpo oku, na a ga-atụle okpomọkụ achọrọ n'azụ ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ. (Rịba ama: The dum ígwè efere efere akụkụ kwesịrị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọbụna iji zere ekpo oke ọkụ mpaghara na mpaghara na-akpọtụrụ ndị okpomọkụ isi) Preheating nwere ike ibelata ihe gbasara nke puru omume nke Z-direction cracks kpatara site ịkpụ na ịgbado ọkụ.
① Buru ụzọ jiri igwe ihe nkuku gwerie mgbape ahụ ruo mgbe a na-adịghị ahụ anya, kpoo ebe dị n'akụkụ ịgbado ọkụ nrụzi ruo ihe dịka 100 ℃, wee jiri ịgbado ọkụ CO2 ( waya flux-cored kacha mma). Mgbe ịgbadochara oyi akwa nke mbụ, kpatụ weld ahụ ozugbo na hama cone, wee were akwa ndị na-esote, were hama kpatụ weld ahụ mgbe oyi akwa nke ọ bụla gasịrị. Gbaa mbọ hụ na interlayer okpomọkụ bụ ≤200 ℃.
② Ọ bụrụ na mgbape ahụ dị omimi, kpoo ebe dị n'akụkụ weld nrụzi ahụ ruo ihe dị ka 100 ℃, jiri carbon arc air planer hichaa mgbọrọgwụ ahụ, wee jiri akụkụ grinder mee ihe ruo mgbe ekpughere dara ọla (ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ nke nrụzi weld bụ ihe na-erughị 100 ℃, preheat ọzọ) wee weld.
③ Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, jiri aluminum silicate ajị ma ọ bụ asbestos ikpuchi weld maka ≥2 awa.
④ Maka ihe nchekwa, mee nchọpụta ntụpọ ultrasonic na mpaghara edoziziri.