Nrụrụ ọkpọ ọkpọ dị elu na-ewusi ike na-eji usoro nrụrụ nke nkwado nchara. Amarakwa dị ka nrụgide siri ike ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ ike. Ike nke ihe na nnukwu (ma ọ bụ dum) ikike iguzogide nrụrụ (ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-asọba). Isi ike bụ ikike nke ihe ahụ iguzogide nrụrụ rọba mpaghara (ma micro- hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness ma ọ bụ brinell hardness). Ha abụọ nwere mmekọrịta kwekọrọ na ya n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ. Ike nke ihe onwunwe, ka ọ na-eguzogide nrụrụ plastik, ọnụ ahịa siri ike dị elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, nke dị elu nke ike nke ihe onwunwe, ihe nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ụba brittleness, ike ya adịghị egosipụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ike dị otú ahụ index uru adịghị elu.

N'ihi na ogologo doro okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, na ojiji nke ihe onwunwe okpomọkụ nke ọma n'okpuru recrystallization okpomọkụ nke elu-nrụgide alloy ọkpọkọ ígwè anwụrụ ihe onwunwe (dị ka obere-carbon ala alloy ígwè), na-ejikarị oyi (oyi deformation) otú ahụ. na site na nrụrụ ike na-eme ka ike dịkwuo mma. Ya mere, nrụrụ na-eme ka ihe dị ike dị na recrystallization okpomọkụ nke ihe na-esonụ oyi deformation, na ogo nke nrụrụ (nso) na-abawanye, na-eme ka a nnukwu njupụta nke dislocations (crystal ntụpọ), na elu nke dislocation njupụta na crystal. , Nke ukwuu ogo nkwalite, ya bụ elu eruba nrụgide. Mgbe nrụrụ eruba nrụgide nke ígwè ekwesịghị ịha nhata tupu nrụrụ eruba stress plus incremental deformation ike eruba nrụgide. Iji deformation ike iji nweta elu ike ígwè ngwaahịa, ahụkarị bụ elu-carbon ígwè oyi-adọta ígwè waya na ala carbon ala alloy duplex ígwè oyi-adọta ígwè waya.

Site na mmụba nke ogo nrụrụ, ike ihe na ike siri ike dị elu ma dị elu, ma ductility ya na ike siri ike na-emekarị ka ọ dị ala ma dị ala, na-arịwanye elu, nke na-achọsi ike iji mee ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji meziwanye ọnọdụ ahụ. Esịtidem induced ke martensitic frasi mgbanwe frasi jụrụ maka hardening, ya n'ụzọ anụ ahụ kachasi mkpa, ọ bụkwa nke deformation ike, ma oge a ọ bụghị site na mpụga deformation, ma usoro nke martensitic mgbanwe si crystal High-njupụta ebe onwe ya shiee eme site ndudue.