Nke mbụ, belata okpomọkụ ọkụ.

N'ozuzu, quenching kpo oku okpomọkụ nke hypereutectoid carbon ígwè bụ 30 ~ 50 ℃ n'elu Ac3, na quenching kpo oku okpomọkụ nke eutectoid na hypereutectoid carbon ígwè bụ 30 ~ 50 ℃ n'elu Ac1. Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ekwenyela na ikpo ọkụ na quenching hypoeutectoid ígwè na α + γ abụọ mpaghara mpaghara dị ntakịrị ala karịa Ac3 (ya bụ, nkwụsị okpomọkụ) nwere ike ime ka ike na ike nke ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata okpomọkụ mgbanwe ọkụ. , ma wepụ iwe ọkụ. Enwere ike ibelata okpomoku kpo oku maka imenyụ site na 40 Celsius. Iji obere okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa kpo oku na imenyụ nke nnukwu carbon ígwè nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya carbon nke austenite ma nyere aka nweta lath martensite na ezigbo ike na ike. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka ike ya dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-ebelata oge ikpo ọkụ. Maka ụfọdụ ngwa mbufe, a na-eji carbonitriding kama ịmegharị ihe. A na-abawanye nguzogide iyi ahụ site na 40% ruo 60% na ike ike ọgwụgwụ na-abawanye site na 50% ruo 80%. Oge imekọ ihe ọnụ bụ otu, mana okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (850 Celsius) dị elu karịa nke carburizing. The okpomọkụ (920 ℃) ​​bụ 70 ℃ ala, na ọ nwekwara ike ibelata okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ deformation.

Nke abụọ, belata oge ikpo ọkụ.

Production omume na-egosi na omenala kpo oku oge kpebisiri ike dabere na irè ọkpụrụkpụ nke workpiece bụ conservative, otú kpo oku ọnụọgụ α na kpo oku ejide oge usoro τ = α · K · D kwesịrị ka gbazie. Dị ka usoro usoro ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala si dị, mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ na 800-900 ° C na ọkụ ikuku, a na-atụ aro α ka ọ bụrụ 1.0-1.8 min / mm, nke na-echekwa. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa α nwere ike belata, oge ikpo ọkụ nwere ike belata nke ukwuu. The kpo oku oge kwesịrị kpebisie ike site nnwale dabeere size nke ígwè workpiece, ego nke ọkụ odori, wdg Ozugbo kacha usoro parameters kpebisiri ike, ha ga-mejuputa akpachara anya iji nweta ịrịba akụ na ụba uru.

Nke atọ, kagbuo iwe iwe ma ọ bụ belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iwe ọkụ.

Kagbuo tempering nke carburized ígwè. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji piston carburized nke nwere akụkụ abụọ nke ihe mkpuchi ígwè 20Cr iji kagbuo iwe ọkụ, njedebe ike ọgwụgwụ nke onye na-ewe iwe nwere ike ịbawanye site na 16%; ọ bụrụ na akagbuo tempering nke obere carbon martensitic steel, a ga-edochi ntụtụ bulldozer. A na-eme ka nhazi ahụ dị mfe iji ọnọdụ kụnwụrụ nke 20 ígwè (carbon martensite dị ala), ike siri ike na gburugburu 45HRC, ike ngwaahịa na iyi ihe na-eguzogide na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na àgwà ahụ kwụsiri ike; elu-ọsọ ígwè ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke temperings, dị ka W18Cr4V ígwè igwe hụrụ agụba na-eji otu tempering Fire (560 ℃ × 1h) dochie omenala ugboro atọ tempering nke 560 ℃ × 1h, na ọrụ ndụ na-abawanye site 40%.

Nke anọ, jiri okpomọkụ dị ala na nke ọkara kama iji ọkụ ọkụ dị elu.

Ọkpụkpụ carbon ma ọ bụ ọkara carbon alloy structural steel na-eji ọkpụkpụ na obere okpomọkụ kama iwe ọkụ dị elu iji nweta nguzogide ọtụtụ mmetụta dị elu. The W6Mo5Cr4V2 ígwè Φ8mm akuakuzinwo bit a doro secondary tempering na 350 ℃ × 1h + 560 ℃ × 1h mgbe quenching, na ọnwụ ndụ nke akuakuzinwo bit na-abawanye site 40% jiri ya tụnyere akuakuzinwo bit tempered ugboro atọ na 560℃ × 1h. .

Nke ise, ezi uche belata omimi nke seepage oyi akwa

Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke kemịkal dị ogologo ma na-erepịa ọtụtụ ike. Ọ bụrụ na omimi nke oyi akwa ntinye nwere ike ibelata iji belata oge, ọ bụ ụzọ dị mkpa nke ịchekwa ike. Achọpụtara omimi oyi akwa siri ike dị mkpa site na nha nrụgide, nke gosipụtara na oyi akwa siri ike ugbu a dị oke omimi na naanị 70% nke omimi oyi akwa omenala zuru oke. Nnyocha na-egosi na carbonitriding nwere ike ibelata omimi oyi akwa site na 30% ruo 40% ma e jiri ya tụnyere carburizing. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa omimi nke ntinye na njedebe dị ala nke teknụzụ chọrọ na mmepụta n'ezie, 20% nke ike nwere ike ịzọpụta, na oge na nrụrụ nwekwara ike ibelata.

Nke isii, jiri ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu na ikuku kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ

Ngwọta kemịkalụ dị elu na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị warara mgbe akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ na-enye ohere na mkpụrụ ọka austenite nke ígwè na-adịghị eto, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọsọ nke carburization dịkwuo elu. Ịba ụba carburizing okpomọkụ si 930 ℃ ka 1000 ℃ nwere ike dịkwuo carburizing ọsọ site ihe karịrị 2 ugboro. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na a ka nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu, ọganihu n'ọdịnihu dị oke. A na-eme ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkalụ na-adịghị mma na usoro ikuku gas na-adịghị mma. N'ihi na-adị ọcha nke workpiece elu n'okpuru agụụ na ojiji nke elu okpomọkụ, penetration ọnụego na-ukwuu ụba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikuku carburizing nwere ike ịbawanye mmepụta site na 1 ruo 2 ugboro; mgbe aluminom na chromium na-abanye na 133.3 × (10-1 ruo 10-2) Pa, ọnụọgụ ntinye nwere ike ịbawanye karịa ugboro 10.

Nke asaa, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkalụ ion

Ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke kemịkalụ nke na-eji ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke n'etiti workpiece (cathode) na anode na-abanye n'otu oge na ihe ndị a ga-abanye n'ime usoro gas-phase nwere ihe ndị a ga-abanye na nrụgide n'okpuru otu ikuku. Dị ka ion nitriding, ion carburizing, ion sulfurizing, wdg, nke nwere uru nke ngwa ngwa ntinye ọsọ ọsọ, àgwà dị mma, na nchekwa ike.

Nke asatọ, jiri induction were iwe onwe gị

A na-eji induction wewe onwe ya kama iwe ọkụ n'ime ọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji ikpo ọkụ induction na-ebufe okpomọkụ n'èzí nke oyi akwa quenching, a naghị ewepụ okpomọkụ nke fọdụrụ n'oge a na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ma dị jụụ iji nweta okpomọkụ dị mkpirikpi. Ya mere, ọ bụ nnukwu nchekwa ike ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ngwa. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ (dị ka nnukwu carbon ígwè na nnukwu carbon high alloy steel), enwere ike ịzere nkwụsịtụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ozugbo a na-ekpebi usoro usoro ọ bụla, a ga-emepụta ọtụtụ mmepụta ihe, na uru akụ na ụba dị ịrịba ama.

Nke itoolu, jiri preheating na imenyụ ọkụ gachara

Ikpo ọkụ na imenyụ ọkụ mgbe ịghachara nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ibelata ike ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ma mee ka usoro mmepụta dị mfe, kamakwa melite arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. Iji post-forging n'efu okpomọkụ quenching + elu okpomọkụ tempering dị ka pretreatment nwere ike iwepụ adịghị ike nke post-forging n'efu okpomọkụ quenching dị ka ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke keadighi rarii grains na ogbenye mmetụta siri ike. Ọ na-ewe obere oge ma nwee nrụpụta dị elu karịa spheroidizing annealing ma ọ bụ nhụsianya izugbe. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, okpomọkụ nke ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ala karịa nke annealing na tempering, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike ibelata ike oriri nke ukwuu, na ngwá ọrụ dị mfe ma dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ. E jiri ya tụnyere izugbe normalizing, residual okpomọkụ normalizing mgbe forging nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị melite ike nke ígwè kamakwa mma plastic siri ike, na ibelata oyi-kekpọwa mmiri mgbanwe okpomọkụ na notch uche. Ka ihe atụ, 20CrMnTi ígwè nwere ike kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na 730 ~ 630 ℃ na 20 ℃ / h mgbe forging. Ngwa ngwa jụrụ oyi arụpụtala ezigbo ihe.

Nke iri, na-eji n'elu quenching kama carburizing na quenching

Ọmụmụ ihe n'usoro na akụrụngwa (dị ka ike static, ike ike ọgwụgwụ, ọtụtụ nguzogide mmetụta, nrụgide dị n'ime ụlọ) nke ọkara na nnukwu carbon nchara nwere ọdịnaya carbon nke 0.6% ruo 0.8% mgbe mbelata ugboro ugboro na-egosi na induction quenching nwere ike ịbụ. eji dochie akụkụ nke carburizing. Imenyụ ga-ekwe omume kpamkpam. Anyị na-eji 40Cr ígwè dị elu na-agbanyụ ọkụ iji rụpụta gearbox gears, dochie ihe mbụ 20CrMnTi steel carburizing na quenching gia, wee nweta ihe ịga nke ọma.

11. Jiri kpo oku mpaghara kama ikpo oku n'ozuzu

Maka akụkụ ụfọdụ nwere ihe achọrọ teknụzụ mpaghara (dị ka dayameta ogwe osisi gia na-eguzogide, dayameta rola, wdg), ụzọ kpo oku mpaghara dị ka ọkụ ọkụ ịsa ahụ, kpo oku induction, kpo oku pulse na ọkụ ọkụ nwere ike iji kama ikpo ọkụ n'ozuzu ya. dị ka igbe igbe. , nwere ike nweta nchikota kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti esemokwu na ntinye aka nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla, meziwanye ndụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ, na n'ihi na ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara, ọ nwere ike ibelata nrụrụ ọkụ ma belata oriri ike.

Anyị na-aghọta nke ọma na ma ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike iji ike na-eme ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya ma nweta uru akụ na ụba kachasị na ike dị oke gụnyere ihe ndị dị ka arụmọrụ nke akụrụngwa na-eji ike eme ihe, ma ụzọ nkà na ụzụ usoro ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, yana ma njikwa ọ bụ sayensị. Nke a na-achọ ka anyị tụlee n'ụzọ zuru ezu site na nhazi usoro, na njikọ ọ bụla enweghị ike ileghara anya. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe ị na-emepụta usoro ahụ, anyị ga-enwerịrị echiche zuru oke ma jikọta ya na uru akụ na ụba nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Anyị enweghị ike ịmepụta usoro ahụ naanị maka ịmepụta usoro ahụ. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa taa na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke akụ na ụba ahịa.