Ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu n'elu ala ma ọ bụ billet na-egosi olulu ndị na-adịghị adịkarị, nke na-abụkarị olulu mpụta, yana olulu kwụ ọtọ.ịda mbà n'obi na ndị ọzọ na austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara (ụdị Cr18Ni9) na obere carbon ígwè (carbon 0.10 ka 0.15%) nke slab elu.Ịda mbà n'obi dị mfe ịmepụta n'akụkụ elu nke obosara slab ma ọ bụ akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ nke akụkụ ọ bụla nke ihu.Oké ịda mbà n'obi na-agbawa, mgbawa n'elu nke miri emi penetration nke ígwè pụtara scaring, na ọbụna re-akpụkpọ ahụ gbajie.Ihe mere slab n'elu ịda mbà n'obi na-emepụta bụ multifaceted.Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke usoro nke siri ike siri ike shei "oke oyi" ụlọ obibi billet mpaghara kpatara nke ukwuu, uto na-enweghị isi ga-eduga n'ichebe ịda mbà n'obi ụlọ ọjọọ;Billet steel shei ogologo mbelata na nrụgide static kpatara site na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti re-ehulata mgbe ị na-eme ihe nkedo iji mepụta ịda mbà n'obi n'akụkụ;Ling mgbanwe emee (lee anya square na diamond iche) nke billet nso obtuse n'akuku nso longitudinal recesses (grooves) na longitudinal nsọtụ nke slab obosara elu olulu dị na ebu kpatara na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ jụrụ;recessed ọgbọ nwekwara nchegbu na mejupụtara nke ígwè, austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara na ala carbon ígwè na ebu shei ibu uneven mfe na-emepụta olulu;elu-arụmọrụ igwe anaghị agba nchara thermal mgbasawanye na thermal conductivity dị ala nke ịda mbà n'obi;Mazị obere Carbon siri ike ozugbo mgbanwe nke austenite n'ime mkpirisi olu ferrite mgbe nnukwu nchara ihe a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ olulu kacha.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnọdụ ịda mbà n'obi na-emetụtakwa ọnọdụ nkedo na-aga n'ihu: Arụmọrụ dị ka ntụ ntụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, mgbanwe ọkwa dị n'ime ime, mgbanwe na nkedo ọsọ na ihe ndị ọzọ.Na-agbatị roller nnyapade dara ahụ mba ọzọ, na-emepụta nkesa nke olulu (indentations) n'oge na-akpata n'elu slab.

Ngwọta bụ: ebu mgbidi omume "nwayọọ jụrụ", mbenata elu ebe nso ebu okpomọkụ flux ike, stagnant ibu na siri ike shei, ike ga-eji ebu mgbidi plating ma ọ bụ na-akpọ "ọkụ n'elu ebu" na-akwalite oghere shei ibu uniformity;Mgbanwe ọkwa ebu dị ntakịrị (ihe na-erughị 3mm), na-eji fluxes arụmọrụ kachasị mma, mgbanwe viscosity na-agbanwe dịka ọsọ nkedo, iji hụ na ejuputa otu;slag oyi akwa nke kwesịrị ekwesị ọkpụrụkpụ, kwụsie ike slag film akara kwesịrị ekwesị elu superheat na nkedo ọsọ;ojiji nke ezi uche submerged nozulu geometries na ezi uche omimi nke ntinye, zere mmiri mmiri vortex na ndị ọzọ apụtawo na ihu ọma nke shei edo ibu, nakwa dị ka ntị ka ọcha na-agbatị rollers, nwere ike inhibit olulu na-guzobere.