zutere oghere nsogbu bụ nnọọ nkịtị na ịgbado ọkụ usoro, ịgbado ọkụ ihe ihicha, corrosion nke isi metal na ịgbado ọkụ consumables, ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụ ike zuru ezu mmanụ na adịghị na-echebe ndị ogbenye ga-iche iche degrees nke blowholes.Nkewa nke weld porosity, na blowholes bụ isi ihe kpatara ya bụ n'ihi na elu okpomọkụ nke a wụrụ awụ metal site dissolving a nnukwu ego nke gas, akụkụ nke gas na weld mgbe crystallization oge ịgbapụ, guzobe pores.

Dị ka emepụtara gas mejupụtara, porosity na weld metal mgbe ịgbado ọkụ bụ tumadi hydrogen oghere na CO stomatal.Maka ịgbado ọkụ nke obere carbon carbon, oghere hydrogen dị n'elu weld n'ihe gbasara ọtụtụ n'ime akụkụ obe nke pores ịghasa ekara, ọnụ okwu okwu mgbidi dị larịị nwere ọdịdị mgbe a na-ele ya anya site na elu nke weld.N'ihi na okpomọkụ dị elu, hydrogen solubility na bat a wụrụ awụ na metal droplet dị elu, ngwa ngwa siri ike nke weld metal na usoro ịgbado ọkụ, hydrogen bụ akaha ịgbanarị, na-etolite na weld gas.CO ọgbọ oghere bụ tumadi n'ihi metallurgical mmeghachi omume na-emepụta CO gas fọdụrụ na crystallization n'ime weld.Nkesa stomatal n'akụkụ nghazi kristal nwere ọdịdị dị ka ikpuru.Ihe na-emetụta pores gas na-emepụta metallurgy na arụ ọrụ.The isi mmetụta nke metallurgical akụkụ nke metallurgical mmeghachi omume nke ịgbado ọkụ ihe na ịgbado ọkụ usoro, ọdịdị nke nchebe ikuku, ihe a ga-welded tupu ịgbado ọkụ mbụ ọnọdụ, ihe atụ, mmetụta nke mmiri, corrosion nke weld porosity. ọgbọ.Welding usoro dị ka a metallurgical usoro maka inwe e ji mara dị iche iche si nkịtị metallurgical, obere mmeghachi omume oge na nchebe Atmosphere ogbenye obodo nke mere na weld metal na isi metal ihe, nzukọ microscopic ọdịiche dị.Oxidation nke slag stomatal sensitivity nke nguzogide nke weld nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, nnwale na-egosi na ma acidic na isi electrode CO stomatal ọchịchọ na-abawanye na-abawanye slag oxidation resistance.Ma ọchịchọ nke oghere hydrogen megidere ya.Karịa CO n'ihi hydrogen na metal Ọdịdị nke nnabata nnabata nke a na-ejikarị emechibidoro iji nweta iji nọgide na-enwe hydrogen oxidizing kwesịrị ekwesị.A na-ejikwa ya na mmepụta ịgbado ọkụ n'ezie ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ.Agbakwunyere na ike oxidizing acid electrode mejupụtara.Enwere ike igbochi mmepụta hydrogen nke oghere.Agbakwunyere electrode alkaline fluorite, na-enwekarị carbonate ụfọdụ.N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, welding arc kpo oku mmetụta nke Fe203 decomposition emits O eme Fe30 Fe |0 HO mmeghachi omume na okpomọkụ dị elu iji nwetaghachi Fe20, na H, elemental Fe na HO FeO na H na-emepụta na okpomọkụ dị elu, enwere ike ịhụ nchara maka ịmepụta ụdị abụọ nke pores nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu.Nkịtị ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ nkọwapụta maka e guzobere weld porosity nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ, ma na-kwesịrị ekwesị nkọwa maka ọrụ, ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, ịgbado ọkụ voltaji nwere obere mmetụta na e guzobere pores na ala-carbon ígwè ịgbado ọkụ.

N'ime igwe ịgbado ọkụ nke obere carbon, mpaghara ngwakọta weld, gụnyere, ga-eme ka mbelata ike nke igwe weld, na-abawanye ọchịchọ nke mgbawa ọkụ na mgbawa lamellar.Ntinye na weld tumadi oxides, nitrides na sulfides.Mgbakwunye oxide na ndị ọzọ n'ozuzu dị n'ụdị silicate, silica;oxide inclusions eme tumadi metallurgical mmeghachi omume n'ihi ịgbado ọkụ usoro, n'ezie ịgbado ọkụ usoro na ịgbado ọkụ ihe na họrọ kwesịrị ekwesị ọnọdụ n'ihi na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ gwakọtara weld oxide inclusions bụ obere ego nke.Nitride agwakọtara tumadi N na obere carbon ígwè ịgbado ọkụ, Fe4N welding metal precipitate n'oge ịka nká, ụdị agịga na-ekesa na ọka ma ọ bụ site n'ókè ọka, na-akpata mbelata na ike nke weld metal.Low carbon ígwè ịgbado ọkụ, a isi iyi nke nitrogen maka gburugburu ikuku, ie si gburugburu ikuku penetrated weld puddle mgbe nitrogen gas e mere site inclusions na ogbenye nchebe nke ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụ tumadi n'ihi guzobe nitride inclusions.Sulfide sọlfọ na-abịakarị site na ihe ịgbado ọkụ, dị ka mkpuchi mkpara ịgbado ọkụ, flux, weld sulfide MnS na FeS.Weld inclusions na-akpata n'ezie ịgbado ọkụ mmepụta n'ozuzu: nhọrọ nke a ịgbado ọkụ na-ezighị ezi ma ọ bụ enweghị ezi uche;nkọwa ịgbado ọkụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, dị ka ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, ịgbado ọkụ voltaji na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na-akpata slag siri ike ịrị elu;tack ịgbado ọkụ na multi- ịgbado ọkụ, weld adịghị ọcha slag;ịgbado ọkụ, akụkụ nke electrode na iga mmanya na-ekwesịghị ekwesị wụrụ awụ metal na slag agwakọta ọnụ;ndị ogbenye weld ọdọ mmiri nchebe ọrụ, ikuku intrusion ịgbado ọkụ ikuku ikuku.

Usoro nka iji gbochie nrụrụ ọkụ nchara nchara weld ntụpọ
Nhọrọ nke ịgbado ọkụ na-emetụta kpọmkwem arụmọrụ na ihe mejupụtara nke weld metal, nke nwere ihe dị oké mkpa dị mkpa maka mgbochi na ịchịkwa welding ntụpọ.Usoro ihe gụnyere akụkụ nke nkọwa ịgbado ọkụ, ụdị nke ugbu a na ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ.Nhọrọ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ịgbado ọkụ ọkụ maka welding ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa maka mgbochi nke ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ.Ndochi akụrụngwa ịgbado ọkụ ngwa ngwa, n'ihi mmepe ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ eletrọnịkị, isi iyi ike ịgbado ọkụ na-enwekwa mgbanwe dị ukwuu.N'ihi na nkịtị ala carbon ígwè anwụrụ ịgbado ọkụ ihe, ndị nkịtị ịgbado ọkụ akụrụngwa na-ewu.Ma arụmọrụ dị mma nke ọrụ ngwaọrụ kpatara enweghị ike ileghara anya.Ga-akwadebe ezi uche na ogige akụrụngwa ọnọdụ ezubere iche maka ịgbado ọkụ usoro jikoro.Gụnyere nkọwa ịgbado ọkụ, ụdị nke ugbu a, ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ, uzo na oyi akwa dị ọcha usoro chọrọ.Nkọwapụta ịgbado ọkụ gụnyere ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, voltaji ịgbado ọkụ, ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ na ndị ọzọ kwa.Ekwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ na nkọwa nkịtị.N'ihe banyere voltaji ịgbado ọkụ.Mmụba nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a ga-eduga na mmụba nke omimi nke ntinye nke bat a wụrụ awụ;n'ihe banyere ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, ịgbado ọkụ voltaji na-abawanye ga-eduga na-abawanye na obosara nke bat gbazee;mana nke ugbu a na-abawanye.Nsonaazụ na ngbanwe arc a wụrụ awụ ọla ahụ na-ebelata.Ratio nke elu ebe na-abawanye, gas etinye obi gị dum site na mgbanwe nke a wụrụ awụ metal ahụ Multiple ụba stomatal ọchịchọ;arc voltaji mere site ụba ịgbado ọkụ ikuku na-ebelata, n'èzí ikuku mfe banye;ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ na-abawanye, nke mere na crystallization ọsọ na-amụba, ma dị mfe ime ka ihe fọdụrụnụ gas The ụba ọchịchọ ime ka oghere na weld metal.Ya mere, dị ka o kwere omume ịnọgide na-enwe nkịtị ewu norms na-eme ka ọgbọ nke ntụpọ.