No hea mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paipu kila kila？

Inpaipu kila kila, kila i kū'ē i ka corrosion e nawaliwali corrosive media e like me ka ea, mahu, a me ka wai, a me ka kemika corrosive media e like me ka waika, alkali, a me ka paʻakai, ua kapa 'ia hoʻi he kuhiliʻole 'akika.Ma nā hoʻohana pono, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kila kūʻē i ka media corrosive palupalu, a ʻo nā kila kūʻē i ka media kemika ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kila kūpaʻa waikawa.Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, ʻaʻole kū pono ka mea mua i ka corrosion e ka media kemika, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope he kulika maʻamau.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o nā paipu kila kila ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o ke kila.ʻO Chromium ka mea kumu no ke kila kila e loaʻa ai ke kūpaʻa corrosion.Ke piʻi ka ʻike o ka chromium i ke kila ma kahi o 1.2%, pili ka chromium me ka corrosion.ʻO ka hopena o ka oxygen i loko o ka mea e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide lahilahi ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila, hiki ke pale i ka corrosion o ke kila.Hoʻopili hou ʻia ka substrate.Ma waho aʻe o ka chromium, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i ka nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, copper, nitrogen, etc.