E hoʻolauna pōkole ka mea hana ʻili kila ʻole i ka hoʻokaʻawale kikoʻī a me ka hana o ka paipu kila kalapona.

1. Paipu kila kalapona maʻamau

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kapa ʻia ke kila me kahi ʻāpana kalapona o ≤0.25% i kapa kila haʻahaʻa. He ferrite a he wahi pearlite ka hale annealed o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa. He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī, a ua maʻalahi ke kaha kiʻi, hoʻopaʻa, extrude, Forging a me ka welding, ma waena o ka 20Cr kila i hoʻohana nui ʻia. He ikaika ko ke kila. Ma hope o ke kinai ʻana a me ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua maikaʻi kēia kila i nā waiwai mechanical piha, maikaʻi ka hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka huhū.

Hoʻohana:I ka ʻoihana hana mīkini, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana welded structural a me nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole i kau ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka forging, hot stamping a me ka mīkini. I loko o ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe mokuahi a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana boiler, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā paipu, flanges, etc. Nā poʻomanaʻo a me nā mea paʻa like ʻole; kūpono hoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana carburizing liʻiliʻi a me ka carbonitriding i nā kaʻa, nā tractors a me nā mīkini hana maʻamau, e like me nā kāmaʻa kaʻa lima, nā lever shafts, a me nā pahu pahu wikiwiki i nā kaʻa, ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mīkini passive a me nā camshafts ma nā tractors, suspension balancer. nā lāʻau o loko a me waho o nā mea kaulike, a pēlā aku; i ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini kaumaha a me ka liʻiliʻi, e like me nā koʻokoʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a paʻi ʻia paha, nā kaulahao, nā levers, nā lima lima, nā mea paʻa, etc.

2. Paipu kila kalapona haʻahaʻa
Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me kahi kalapona ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.15% no nā shafts, bushings, sprockets, a me kekahi mau mole plastic e koi ai i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana ma ka ʻili ma hope o ka carburizing a quenching a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻāpana. Ma hope o ka carburizing a me ke kinai ʻana a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he ʻano o ke kalapona martensite kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻili a me ka martensite haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i waenakonu, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe. kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī o ke kikowaena. ʻO ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa kaʻa lima, nā lever shaft, nā pahu pahu pahu wikiwiki, ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mīkini passive, nā camshafts ma nā tractors, nā kumu hoʻohālikelike hoʻokuʻu, nā lāʻau o loko a me waho o nā mea kaulike, nā lima lima, nā mea hoʻopaʻa a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

3. Paipu kila kalapona kalapona
Medium-carbon kila: Ke kila kalapona me ka maʻiʻo kalapona o 0.25% a 0.60%. 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 a me nā māka ʻē aʻe no ke kila kalapona waena. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka pearlite i loko o ke kila, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ka paʻakikī ma hope o ke kinai ʻana. I waena o lākou, ʻo 45 ke kila ka mea maʻamau. 45 kila he kiʻekiʻe-ikaika medium-carbon kinai ʻia a me ka tempered kila, i loaʻa i kekahi plasticity a me ka paʻakikī, a me ka maikai oki hana. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi ma ke kinai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, akā ʻilihune kona paʻakikī. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā ʻāpana me nā koi ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī waena. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia ma ke ʻano hoʻopiʻi ʻia a i ʻole ke kūlana maʻamau. I mea e loaʻa ai i ke kila ka paʻakikī e pono ai a hoʻopau i ke koena o ke koʻikoʻi, pono e kinai ʻia ke kila a laila e hoʻonāuki ʻia i sorbite.