Nā ʻano kila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā paipu
Ke kila kalapona
He 90% o ka nui o ka hana paipu kila. Hana ʻia lākou mai ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohuihui a hana maikaʻi ʻole ke hoʻohana wale ʻia. Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau waiwai mechanical a me ka mīkini, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia lākou i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a makemake ʻia no nā noi me nā koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka nele o nā mea hoʻohuihui e hōʻemi i ka kūpono o nā kila kalapona no nā noi kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana paʻakikī, no laila e emi lākou i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu nui o ke koho ʻana i ke kila kalapona no nā paipu, he ductile nui lākou a ʻaʻole deform ma lalo o ka ukana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me ka moana, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka aila a me ke kinoea. ʻO A500, A53, A106, A252 nā māka kila kalapona i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he seamed a ʻole.

Na kila huila
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻohuihui e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ke kila, no laila e lilo nā paipu i mea kūʻē i nā noi kiʻekiʻe-koʻikoʻi a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau maʻamau he nickel, chromium, manganese, copper, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka haku mele ma waena o 1-50 paona. Hāʻawi nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui i nā ʻano mechanical a me nā mea kemika o ka huahana ma nā ʻano like ʻole, no laila ʻokoʻa ke ʻano kemika o ke kila ma muli o nā koi noi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila Alloy i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a paʻa ʻole, e like me ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me nā kinoea, refineries, petrochemical, a me nā mea kanu kemika.

Kila kohu ʻole
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila i loko o ka ʻohana kila kila. ʻO ka mea hoʻohui nui i ke kila kila he chromium, ʻokoʻa kona ʻano mai 10 a 20% ma ke kaupaona. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka chromium ʻo ia ke kōkua ʻana i ke kila e loaʻa nā waiwai stainless ma ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila kila i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi kahi mea nui ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka ʻoihana moana, kānana wai, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā ʻoihana ʻaila a me nā kinoea. ʻO 304/304L a me 316/316L nā māka kila kila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana paipu. ʻOiai ʻo ka papa 304 ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi; Ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa kalapona, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka 316 series a hiki ke welded.

He hao hao hao
ʻO ka paipu galvanized he paipu kila i mālama ʻia me kahi papa zinc plating e pale ai i ka ʻino. ʻO ka uhi zinc e pale i nā mea ʻino mai ka ʻino ʻana i nā paipu. ʻO ia ka ʻano paipu maʻamau no nā laina wai, akā ma muli o ka hana a me ka manawa e hele ai i ka ʻoki ʻana, ka wili, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka paipu galvanized, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia, koe wale nō ka hoʻohana palena ʻia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēia mau ʻano paipu mai 12 mm (0.5 iniha) a i 15 knm (6 iniha) ke anawaena. Loaʻa iā lākou ma 6 mika (20 kapuaʻi) ka lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka paipu galvanized no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai i nā noi kalepa nui. ʻO kahi hemahema nui o nā paipu galvanized ʻo ko lākou mau makahiki 40-50 o ke ola. ʻOiai ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka zinc a pale i nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka hana ʻana me ke kila a hoʻopōʻino iā ia, inā he ʻino ka mea lawe, hiki i ka paipu ke hoʻomaka i ka ʻino mai loko mai. No laila, he mea nui e nānā a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā paipu kila galvanized i kekahi mau manawa.