E hōʻoia i ka L245paipuʻO ka paipu kila iʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka luhi, ka ikaika compressive, ka paʻakikī o kaʻili, a me ka lōʻihi o ka lawelaweʻana, nā mea likeʻole e like me ka oxide inclusions, sulfide inclusions, a me ke kiko inclusions i loko o ke kila pono e hoʻomalu pono i loko o ka laulā;ʻO ka like ʻole o nā carbide like ʻole i ke kila (e like me ka carbide liquefaction, strip carbide, band carbide, a me network carbide, etc.) pono e hoʻomalu ʻia i loko o ka pae.

Pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka papa decarbonized ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila hali ʻana ma hope o ka hana wela;ʻo ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa macroscopic o ke kila pono e wehe maʻamau.Nalo ke kikowaena, a liʻiliʻi ka pae o ka hoʻokaʻawale.ʻO nā ʻōhū subcutaneous, nā puka liʻiliʻi, Inclusions, a me nā māwae.Pono ke kila annealed e loaʻa i kahi ʻano like ʻole a me ka hoʻolālā spherical pearlite maikaʻi.

1. Nā koi o ka ʻili

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻole o ka ʻili o ka bearing me nā hemahema, pono e maʻalahi ka ʻili o ka huahana kila a me nā hemahema e like me nā māwae, nā ʻōpala, ka pelu ʻana, ka lua, a me nā ʻōpala.

2. Nā koi nui

I ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hao hao, e ʻoki pono i nā mea maka a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i ka nui o ka ʻāpana i makemake ʻia, koi ʻia ka pololei o ka nui o ka huahana kila, a pono pū ke ʻano o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.