Aia ma lalo nā hemahema o ka paipu kila māmā

Kaʻili ʻana

ʻO kekahi o nā hemahema ili kila, ka hana ʻana o ka ʻili o ka huahana e like me ka foil.Loaʻa pinepine i ke alelo, poloka a scaly a me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana.ʻO ka nui o nā scarring, nā aka mai lalo e hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻili ʻana o ka ʻili ʻili i ka ʻili, ʻo ka wahi hoʻohele, ke ʻano a me ka nui like ʻole, he nui nā hemahema o ka ʻili oxide ma lalo.ʻAʻole ʻae ka ʻili o nā huahana metallurgical maʻamau i ka scarring.

Kahi keʻokeʻo

I ka leaching acid o nā mea hoʻohālike transverse i hōʻike ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo o nā ʻano nui o nā hemahema o loko.Keʻokeʻo ʻano like ʻole, ʻoluʻolu a hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o kahi nui nui a me nā mea hao kiʻekiʻe i ʻōwili ʻia a me nā forgings.ʻO ke kumu ʻo ia ka hui kemika o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole keʻokeʻo a me ka hui ʻana o kekahi mau mea hoʻohui.ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻino ʻana ma muli o nā hemahema o ka wai ʻakika e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka specimen.Hoʻohana ʻia ke ala no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe leukoplakia, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka argon i nā mea hoʻohui like, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ingot a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka pae hoʻomaha e pale ai i ka nānā ʻana i ka wai.

Lamination paipu

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā hui nui i loaʻa ma ka substrate metala, he mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko.ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻili e like me ka ʻili o ka hana, ua hōʻike ka longitudinal a me nā ʻāpana keʻa i kahi māwae lōʻihi, aia kahi liʻiliʻi o nā non-metallic inclusions i nā māwae a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, e hoʻopau i ka pono o ka substrate metala.ʻO ka Stratification ma muli o ka emi ʻana, ka māwae, nā hemahema o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka plastik ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana, elongated, a me ka hāʻule ʻole o ka hana weld.

Māhā lauoho

ʻO kekahi o nā hemahema ʻili kila, ka hana ʻana o nā laina lauoho lauoho.ʻOi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā māwae pāpaʻu ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻōwili i hoʻopuehu ʻia a i ʻole i loko o nā pūʻulu.ʻO ka lauoho lauoho ka huahana maʻamau e ʻae i nā hemahema, akā pono kona hohonu e hoʻokō me nā kūlana kūpono.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka banded

Hoʻokahi hapa o ke kila, ʻo ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o ka microstructure, ua hoʻonohonoho like ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōwili ʻana, kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka palaoa ferrite a me ka pearlite e like me ke kāʻei.Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ke kila i ka wā hoʻoluʻu ma hope o ka ʻōwili wela ʻana i ka ferrite e ka mea nui a me nā non-metallic inclusions dendritic segregation strip e hoʻonui ana mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana ferrite, nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pae ferrite ma waena o ka pearlite, nā mea ʻelua. nā māhele i ka māhele papa.No laila, ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hui pū ʻana o ke ʻano like ʻole o ke kila a me nā ʻano hopena o ke kila, ka anisotropy hoʻokumu, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kila, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka paʻakikī, ka hopena i ke anu anuanu ʻole, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻōpala, maʻalahi ka deformation i ka wā o ka mālama wela i nā hopena ʻino.

Nā hemahema o ka ʻili

Ma ke kila a me ka non-ferrous alloy material surface a pili i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana o nā hemahema like ʻole ma ka laulā.Nui nā ʻano kīnā o ka ʻili, ka hapa nui ma ka morphology o ka hemahema i ka inoa, a me kekahi o nā kumu i kapa ʻia.ʻO nā kaʻina hana e hana pinepine i nā huahana kīnā ʻole i nā ʻāpana ʻelua.ʻO kekahi o nā hemahema kila, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka ʻulaʻula, ka māwae, ka māwae, ka lauoho, nā ʻōhū, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO kekahi hewa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hana ʻino ʻana i ka mīkini, e like me ka pelu ʻana, nā pepeiao, ka pitting, convex hull, scratches, dents, kaomi ʻia i loko o ka oxide scale, burrs, etc.

Burr

ʻO kekahi o nā hemahema ili kila, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki anu, ʻaʻole nalo nā wēlau kila wela a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi, ke loaʻa i nā welds paipu extruded metala nui.ʻO nā huahana ʻoki anuanu e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana burr ma waena o ka maka.ʻO ka huahana maʻamau e ʻae i kahi pae o nā glitches i loaʻa;Akā, pono e ʻoki ʻia ka paipu burr o loko a me waho.