ʻO kapaipu kilahe mea maʻamau i ka ʻenekinia moana.ʻElua ʻōnaehana o ka moku a me ka ʻenekinia moana e koi aku nei i ʻekolu ʻano paipu kila: paipu kila ma ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau, i kūkulu ʻia me nā paipu kila a me nā paipu kila kūikawā.

paipu kila ma ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau.
ʻO nā moku ʻokoʻa a me ka ʻenekinia moana, nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau ʻelua he ʻōnaehana hoʻolaʻa.
ʻO ke ola lawelawe moku o 20 mau makahiki.ʻO ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau, ka wai bilge, ballast, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, ea, ana, injection, wai hale, ahi, kāʻili ʻaila ukana, hanu, kinoea inert, hoʻomehana, holoi ʻana, pahu kinai kīwī, mahu, telemetry pae wai, mamao mamao. nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu, nā moku kūikawā pū kekahi i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻolaʻa no ka lawe ʻana i ke kinoea liquefied petroleum (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG).ʻO ke ola lawelawe ʻenehana moana a hiki i 30 mau makahiki, a ʻoi aku paha.ʻEnekinia moana ma waho aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau, nā ʻōnaehana hana wili kūikawā, ka ʻaila ʻaila / LPG / LNG hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hana, ʻōnaehana mooring kūikawā, ʻōnaehana flare, a pēlā aku.Ua ua helu, moku paipu makahiki hoʻohana o 450 miliona tons, e pili ana i 440,000, kona mau standards he GB, YB, CB, 70% o ka pilina paipu kila.He 30-toni wale no ka nui o na paipu aila aila no ka nui a hiki i ka umi kilomika, o ka paipu kila wale no (me), aia ma kahi o 1,500 tons, o ka nui o 40,000 tons e pili ana i ka hana hull a i kaupalena 'ia.Eia kekahi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka moku hoʻokahi, i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā moku, a me nā moku ʻē aʻe he nui, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka cumulative dosage.A he 300,000 tons-class number o ka paipu FPSO nui ma luna o 30,000, ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 km ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka pae tonnage like 2 a 3 mau manawa.No laila, ua lilo ka ʻoihana hana moku i mea hoʻohana nui i ka mākeke paipu kila.

Paipu kila i ka hana
Steel paipu moana 'enekinia noi, ma waho aʻeo i ka luna maʻamau nenoaiu me ka hoʻolaʻa nenoaiu, he nui i kukulu i ka nui helu o ke kila paipu, e like me ka lole, lalo wai kila puʻu, Casing, mooring bracket, helicopter anuu, hale kiai.ʻAno o ka paipu kila, nā mea kikoʻī, me ke anawaena like, nā mea hoʻemi, ka mānoanoa pā like ʻole, a me ka helu nui o nā nodes Y, K, T.E like me ka ʻaʻahu, nā puʻu kila, ka lima impermeable poʻo maikaʻi, ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā paipu kila anawaena, ua hana ʻia me ke kila ʻōwili.ʻO kā lākou mau mea no E36-Z35, D36-Z35, E36, D36.ʻAʻole loaʻa kēlā mau paipu kila me YB, CB, a ʻo GB712-2000 ka nui.ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa SY/T10002-2000 i hoʻomohala ʻia e China's Petroleum Industry Standards and Technology Commission (CPSC).No ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo Kina i nā ʻoihana kūikawā, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka pā kila mai nā ʻāpana kūkulu, ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ponoʻī.

Paipu kila no ke kumu kūikawā
Ke kila kila kūikawā paipu kila kūikawā i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni hana kūikawā a me keʻano hana.ʻO ka pipeline ma lalo o ke kai he paipu kila kūikawā, ke koi no ka nui, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻae liʻiliʻi, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka pipeline hana wale nō i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea kuʻi ʻana, ke kū ʻana o ka corrosion a i ʻole nā ​​kikoʻī kikoʻī (ka anawaena a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia), pipiʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka wā i hala, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana insulation paipu pālua, palekana a hilinaʻi.Akā, e like me ka pale paipu kila paipu mea loa economical, a offshore paipu e waiho ana aku nei, e hoʻokō i loko a me waho paipu kuʻihao, nui hoemi i ka pono o ka paipu kau, e kumu hoʻouka hoʻonui exponentially.I ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi paipu kila counterweight.ʻO kona ʻano (mai loko a i waho): ka papa anti-corrosion o ke kila, ka pauka epoxy (FBE), ka insulation polyurethane, polyethylene (PE) ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu, ka ʻāpana counterweight paʻa (ka hoʻonohonoho kūloko o ka mesh kila).ʻO kēiaʻano kila kūikawā, ua lawe maiʻo Kina mai waho mai, e like me ka Bohai Penglai 19-3 oil field, kahi papahana e hoʻohana ana i nā huahana o ka hui Malaysian BREDEROPRICE.Kina ma hope o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, a ma 2002 i kūkulu ʻia ma Tanggu, ʻo Kina ka mea paʻa mua me ke kaumaha kila paipu laina hana, he mau kaukani kilomika o nā pipelines no nā huahana oilfield.Ua hōʻike 'ia, e hoʻohana i kēia kila no kilomika subsea pipeline e ho'ēmi i ke kumu kūʻai o 50 miliona i 100 miliona, a me ka nui hoemi i ke kumu kūʻai o offshore oilfield ulu, no laila, i ka helu o marginal aila mahinaai e lilo i kumu kūʻai-pono e hoʻomohala.