Nui nā ʻano no ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke anawaena, a ma waena o ia mau ʻano hana kino. ʻO ka nānā kino kahi ʻano e hoʻohana ai i kekahi mau ʻano ʻano kino e ana a nānā paha. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā hemahema i loko o nā mea waiwai a i ʻole nā ​​​​paipu kila hili ʻia i ke anawaena nui e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo ʻole luku. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua non-destructive o kēia manawa e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo magnetic, ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic, ka hoʻāʻo radiographic, ka hoʻāʻo penetrant, etc.

Nānā mākēneki
Hiki ke ʻike i nā hemahema o ka ili a kokoke i ka ʻili o nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka nui o ke anawaena. Hiki ke koho wale ʻia ke ʻano a me ka hohonu o nā hemahema ma muli o ka ʻike. Hoʻohana ka nānā ʻana i ka magnetic i ka leakage flux magnetic i hana ʻia e ka māla magnetic e hoʻokalakupua i ka ferromagnetic nui-diameter pololei i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā paipu kila wili e ʻike ai i nā hemahema. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ke ana ʻana i ka leakage magnetic flux i ke ʻano ʻāpana magnetic, ke ʻano induction magnetic, a me ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa leo magnetic. Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana magnetic.

Nānā komo
Hoʻohana ʻo Penetrant inspection i nā waiwai kino e like me ka permeability o kekahi mau wai e ʻike a hōʻike i nā hemahema, me ka nānā ʻana i ka kala a me ka nānā ʻana i ka fluorescence, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i nā hemahema ma ka ʻili o nā mea ferromagnetic a me nā mea non-ferromagnetic.

Ka nānā ʻana i ka radiographic
ʻO ka ʻike hewa radiographic kahi ala ʻike kīnā e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻano o nā kukuna e komo i nā mea a hoʻemi i nā mea e ʻike ai i nā hemahema. Wahi a nā kukuna ʻokoʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike hewa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano: X-ray flaw detection, gamma-ray flaw detection, a high-energy ray flaw detection. Ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hemahema, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka radiographic flaw detection i ke ʻano ionization, fluorescent screen observation method, kiʻi kiʻi, a me ke ʻano kīwī ʻenehana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka radiographic no ka nānā ʻana i nā hemahema e like me nā māwae, ke komo ʻole ʻana, nā pores, nā slag inclusions, a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe i loko o ka weld o nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

ʻIke ʻana i ka hewa kani kani
Ke hoʻolaha ʻia nā hawewe kani ultrasonic i nā metala a me nā mea like ʻole, e ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā loulou o nā media like ʻole, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i nā hemahema o loko. Hiki i ka Ultrasound ke ʻike i nā hemahema i kekahi mea weldment a me kekahi ʻāpana, a hiki ke ʻike i kahi o nā hemahema, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano, ke ʻano, a me ka nui o nā hemahema. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka hewa kani ultrasonic o ka nui-diameter pololei wili wili i nā paipu kila me ka nānā ʻana i ka radiographic.