Pehea e ho'āʻo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka paipu kila seamless wili wela?

1. Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka nānā 'ana o ka permeable papa a me ke kumu. E nānā inā kūpono ka ikaika o ka ʻili a me ke kumu i nā kūlana ʻenehana, inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kuhikuhi gradient o ka hoʻololi ikaika ʻana mai ka ʻili a i loko, a inā paʻa ka ikaika o ka ʻili;

2. E nānā i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano a me ka māwae o ka paipu wili wela. Hiki ke hana ʻia a hana koke ʻia ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe i ʻoki ʻia ma hope o ka nitriding, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻopau ʻana inā ʻo ka ʻano hoʻololi i loko o ka pae i kuhikuhi ʻia. No nā deformation deviations, pono e hana pololei. Ua haki ʻia nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe ʻole a hoʻoholo koke ʻia.

3. Ka nānā 'ana i nā mea maka o ka paipu ho'ohehe'e wela. Ma waho aʻe o ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana, pono e nānā i nā hemahema o ka mīkini paʻi, nā mea non-metallic, nā haumia, nā māwae a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe;

4. E nānā i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka ʻike papa o ke ʻano metallographic o ka puʻuwai;

5. Ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka papa permeation. Me ka hohonu o ka papa carburized.