Kiʻekiʻe wela ke anu anu hukipaipu kila ʻoleme ka wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa
pale ʻana i ka oxidation.He kiʻekiʻe wela ikaika, oxidation kū'ē, carburization
ke kū'ē, ke kū'ē i ka waika, ke kū'ē alkali, ka ikaika tensile a me ke kū'ē kū'ē.ʻO ka hoʻomau
ʻO ka mahana hoʻohana he 1150 °C.ʻAʻole pono ka mahana hana maʻamau ma mua o 1050 degere,
a ʻaʻole pono ka mahana wela ma mua o 1200 degere.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona
o ka mea kalapona e pili ana i ka hana o ke kuhiliahi pale wela kiekie
paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kona plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.

He mea haumia ʻino ka Sulfur i ke kila.Ke hoʻokau ʻia ke kila me ka sulfur kiʻekiʻe i ke kaomi
ka hana ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, he maʻalahi ka maʻalahi a kapa ʻia ʻo ia he wela wela.
Hiki i ka Phosphorus ke hoʻemi nui i ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa
nā mahana wela.Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano ʻo ke anuanu.I ke kila kiʻekiʻe, sulfur a me
Pono e mālama pono i ka phosphorus.Eia naʻe, mai kahi ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻokomo ʻana o
ʻO ka sulfur kiʻekiʻe a me ka phosphorus i ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa hiki ke hana maʻalahi i ka ʻoki ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi
pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka machinability o ke kila.Hiki i ka manganese ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke kila,
hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali a hoʻopau i nā hopena ʻino o ka sulfur, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o
kila.

ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe) me ka maʻiʻo manganese kiʻekiʻe he kūpaʻa maikaʻi
a me na waiwai kino e ae.ʻO ka antibacterial a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela ke kūpale kila
ʻO nā huahana paipu i puka mai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ia nā mea aloha hou i loko o ka ʻohana kila kila.
Hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia lākou e ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau mea antibacterial e like me ke keleawe a me ke kālā
kila kohu ʻole.ʻO kēia waiwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī antibacterial maikaʻi e hōʻike ana i kāna noi
ākea loa ka manaʻo.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe wela kūʻokoʻa kuhiliʻole paipu i maikaʻi oxidation kū'ē i intermittent
hoʻohana ma lalo o 1600 degere a ma ka hoʻohana mau ʻana ma lalo o 1700 degere. Ma ka laulā o 800-1575
degere, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻohana mau i ke kila kuhili ʻole wela wela
paipu, akā, ke hoʻohana mauʻia ka paipu kila kuhiliʻole kiʻekiʻe ma waho
kēia pae wela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kuhili.ʻO ka wela kiʻekiʻe
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka ua carbide ma mua o 316 kila kila,
a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pae wela ma luna.

Kiʻekiʻe wela kū'ē anu anu huki kila paipu me ka maikai kiʻekiʻe wela oxidation
kūʻē.Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa oxidation, ka pale ʻana i ka carburization, ka waikawa
ke kū'ē, ke kū'ē alkali, ka ikaika tensile a me ke kū'ē kū'ē.ʻO ka hoʻohana mau ʻana
ʻO ka mahana he 1150 °C.ʻAʻole pono ka mahana hana maʻamau ma mua o 1050 degere, a
ʻaʻole pono ka mahana wela ma mua o 1200 degere.