ʻO ke alapine kiʻekiʻepaipu kila welded inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana o ka huahana, e waiho ʻia ka ʻili hui ʻana o ka metala hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole ka oxide.Inā ʻoki ʻia ka laʻana weld e hoʻoliʻiliʻi, etching, a nānā ʻia ma lalo o ka microscope optical, ua like ke ʻano o ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela me ka pahu, no ka mea, ke komo nei ka lihi o ke kaula i loko o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe mai nā wēlau o ke kaula kila a. nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela.ʻOi aku ka pōʻeleʻele o ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela ma mua o ka metala kumu, no ka mea, ua komo ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kalapona kila lihi diffusion weld cooling i loko o nā ʻaoʻao.ʻOi loa ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kāʻei i CO a me ka oxygen a i ʻole carbon dioxide, ke koena hao me ke kalapona ʻole, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala.

Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mea hana alapine kiʻekiʻe alapine (frequency generator frequency generator) ma mua o ekolu puka lou i welded paipu: High-frequency generators;paʻa paʻa;uila uila kiʻekiʻe-frequency oscillator, a ma hope hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ke kumu hoʻokahi loop.Nui nā ʻano hana hoʻoponopono mana o ka oscillator kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā auto-transformers, reactance method, thyristor law.

High frequency welded kila paipu paha he mau hemahema.He nui nā inoa like ʻole o kēlā me kēia hemahema, ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo i ʻae ʻia.Hāʻawi ʻia nā inoa ma lalo nei i ka hemahema, ʻo ka hemahema i loko o nā pale i kekahi inoa maʻamau: (1) hoʻokomo ʻia (ke ahi ʻeleʻele oxide);(2) pre-arc (keokeo keokeo puhi);emi (3) fusion (open seam);(4) nele i ka fusion edge (kaʻeʻnalu);(5) ʻAʻole lawa ka hui ʻana o ka waena (waena anuanu);(6) wili lāʻau (cold welding);(7) hoʻolei ʻia (brittle weld);(8) stomata (pinhole);(9) wiliwili lele.ʻAʻole kēia mau hemahema wale nō akā ʻo nā hemahema wili pinepine maʻamau.