(1) Ua kūpono ka pilina node no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ia e hele i loko o ka pā node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana pili ʻē aʻe, e mālama ai i ka hana a me nā mea.

(2) I ka wā e pono ai, hiki ke ninini ʻia ke kaʻa i loko o ka paipu e hana i kahi mea hoʻohui.

(3) He maikaʻi nā hiʻohiʻona geometric o ka ʻāpana paipu, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka pā paipu, ua māhele ʻia ka mea o ka ʻāpana a puni ka centroid, nui ka radius o ka gyration o ka ʻāpana, a he ikaika torsional rigidity;e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, a me ka bidirectional bending component, kona ʻO ka hiki ke lawe ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka pololei o nā paipu i hana ʻia i ke anu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ana o ke keʻa.

(4) ʻOi aku ka nani o ka helehelena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paipu truss i haku ʻia me nā lālā paipu kila, ʻaʻohe hoʻohui hui hou, a ikaika ka manaʻo hou.

(5) Ma ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona anti-hydrodynamic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keʻa o ka paipu poepoe, a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hopena o ka makani a me ka kahe wai.Ua like ka pauku paipu rectangular me na pauku hamama e ae ma keia manao.

(6) Ua pani nā paipu kila nui-anawaena;i ka manawa like ka mānoanoa a me ke keʻa ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻili i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 50% a 60% o ka ʻāpana hāmama, he mea pono i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a hiki ke mālama i nā mea uhi.