Nā kumu owiliwilinā hemahema

(1) Nā kumu waiwai:

ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kumu waiwai e pili ana i ka welding base metals a me nā mea wili i hoʻohana ʻia, e like me nā uea, nā lāʻau, flux, a me ke kinoea pale a me nā mea like.ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e pili pono ana i ka puddle welding a i ʻole ka hopena physico-chemical o ka fusion zone, kahi o ke kumu kumu o ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o ka mea ponoʻī, ʻelua-zone heat shadow attack decisive impact.Ma luna o ka haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai o ka weld metala kekahi kumu nui i ka welding mea maopopo hoʻohana.ʻO nā hua maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kumu metala mismatch, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā ʻano kīnā ʻole i ka weld zone i nā laina, pores, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke loaʻa mai ka embrittlement, corrosion-resistant properties e palupalu a hoʻololi paha.No laila, i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i nā hui weld maikaʻi e nānā pono i nā kumu waiwai.

(2) Nā kumu ʻenehana:

Ua hōʻoia ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka metala kumu i nā ʻano kuʻi ʻokoʻa a me nā kaʻina hana i nā kūlana, e hōʻike ana ka maikaʻi kuʻi ʻana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui.Hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano welding o ka welding nui hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua: ʻO ka mea mua, nā ʻano o ke kumu wela welding, ʻo ia ka mana o ka mana, ka wela wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pae mana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana o ka welding. ka pōʻaiapuni wela pololei, e like me ka laina o ka ikehu, ka manawa noho wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pae wela o ka hoʻololi o ka pae hoʻomaha.E pili ana kēia mau mea i ka microstructure a me nā waiwai o nā hono;ʻO ka lua i ka loko a me kahi kokoke o ka pale, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka slag, ke kinoea, ke kinoea - pale hui pū ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o kahi ʻūhā, e hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana o ka welding metallurgy.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kaʻina wela a me nā metallurgical no ka maikaʻi a me ka hana e hiki ke hoʻohui i ka hopena hoʻoholo.