Nā hemahema a me ka mālama ʻana opaipu kila huki anupenei:
1, pelu ʻana: ʻōnaehana huki, paipu kila huki anu i loko a i waho o nā ʻili i hoʻopololei ʻia a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka pelu ʻana, ka puka ʻana o ka paipu kūloko a lōʻihi paha ma ka paipu.
ʻO ke kumu: ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻili o ka mea paipu i pelu ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala palahalaha, nā abrasions koʻikoʻi a me nā māwae.
Kāohi ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: e like me nā kaʻina hana e pono ai ka wili ʻana o nā mea tube.ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea paipu substandard i mea pale.ʻO ka maikaʻi perforation hot order strict quality.

2, ka nui o ka hoʻomanawanui (me ka pā mānoanoa o ka ultra-ʻilihune, uneven pā mānoanoa, anawaena ultra-ʻilihune, oval) anawaena ma mua o ka laulā o ka maʻamau deviation, ma ka ia pauku ma ka paia aoao o ka lahilahi, manoanoa, ke anawaena mai ka ʻokoʻa axis liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā koi maʻamau.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ʻaʻole wale ke kiʻi ʻana i ke koho mold, a i ʻole hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ka lāʻau Rui (ke kumu hoʻohālike o loko).2 kiʻi i loko o ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana i ke kumu kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ʻino ʻia a ʻoʻoleʻa paha i hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kapa.3, wela wela no ka manawa lōʻihi a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela.Hana ʻole ʻia a wela paha.4, hoʻololi i ke kānāwai o ka pā hakahaka huki pono hoomaluia, huki papa hoomakaukau pono ole.5, anu, huki kila paipu straightening squashed job cards gage mea ole zero, nui hewa.
Kāohi ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, hoʻolālā kūpono a me ka hana ʻana a me ke koho extubation mold.2, ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mālama wela, hoʻomehana like.3, Hoʻoponopono pololei i ka leveler, hoʻoponopono pinepine i nā ʻāpana mīkini extubation a me nā mea hana ana.4, pololei a kūpono hoʻomākaukau huki kiaʻi kiaʻi i nā ʻano kila like ʻole, ke kānāwai o ka hoʻonui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o nā kikoʻī like ʻole o ka paia paipu kila.5, ʻaʻohe ovality, hoʻoholo ʻia e like me nā huahana kūpono, ʻo ka ovality ma waho o ka laina hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ovality kūloko.

3, hōʻike ʻia ka papahana: i ka ʻili o ka paipu kila i huki ʻia i ke anu i nā ʻōpala laina lōʻihi i kapa ʻia ʻo Zod Road.ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi, e hoʻohana i kahi ākea haiki, ʻauwai lehulehu e like me ka ʻauwai ʻike ʻia.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ʻaʻole maʻemaʻe ka papaʻaina kikoʻī, māwae a i ʻole metala puʻupuʻu.2, ʻo ka hammerhead transition part lihi a me nā kihi, hoʻohana i ka mea hana.3, Owe pickling a capillary koena oxide unahiʻu.4, greasing, phosphating, saponification kaʻina hana pono.5, i loko a i waho o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeha a ʻino ʻino paha.6, ʻaʻole kūlike ka annealing waena, ʻaʻole lawa ka nui deformation.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka extubation mold surface.2, ʻOxide pickling, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka uhi paʻa like.3, hoʻololi ʻana i ka hammerhead ma kahi ʻāpana i nā kihi poepoe.4, ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka lepo a me ka ʻili o ka paipu kila, ʻike i nā pilikia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa.

4, ke kumu lulu: ka ili o ka paipu kila huki anu ma ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka nalu ʻōniʻoniʻo a i ʻole ka nalu-ma ka hoʻonohonoho like, ʻike ʻia ke ala kūloko a lōʻihi paha ma ka ʻili o ka paipu kila i loko a i waho.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ka hana ʻole ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole, ka saponification ʻole.2, Rui koʻokoʻo lahilahi, Rui lever pull system produces elastic deformation i kumu e jitter.3, i ka draft shape unreasonable komo cone kihi loa, no laila, i ke kila make puka hulina wahi mea liʻiliʻi loa, no laila, i ka draft nenoaiu deformation unstable ili jitter.
ʻO ke ala pale a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, nā kaʻina hana e pono ai e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻaʻahu palupalu.2, lawe i ka maikaʻi o ka pickling, phosphating, saponification.ʻO ke kaha kiʻi ʻāʻā i ʻōlelo ʻia.3, ke koho pololei o ke kookoo Rui nui.

5, huki concave: kila paipu longitudinal kuhikuhi, ka paia ua wehe i loko kaumaha, kona lōʻihi 'aʻohe rula.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, kiʻi ʻole i ka lāʻau pistil (empty Stubbs) paipu kila lahilahi, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui.2, ka hopena o ka hāmare paipu kila nā kihi a me nā kihi, ʻo ka ʻāpana hoʻololi i pelu.3, ka paia lahilahi kūloko o ka mea paipu (e like me ka wahi hoʻoponopono wili).
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono ma ka nui o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, huki ʻole i ka paipu lahilahi-pā ʻia.2, nā ʻaoʻao hope a me nā pelu.3, he hapa hapa o ka ili o ka paipu mea, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe-hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hiʻona lākiō e kūpono.

6, Māhā (diastema): ka paipu kila huki anu i hōʻike ʻia e komo i loko o ka paia o ka māhele longitudinal, ma o ka pohā ʻāina lōʻihi.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻo ka huki ʻana i nā pā he nui, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea paipu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Stubbs.2, ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wela kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole pau ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī.3, kila paipu kaha kiʻi wela lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono.4, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kila plasticity haʻahaʻa.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, kahi mākaukau kūpono no ka huki ʻana i kahi pā.2, paipu kila kila a huki pū me ka huki ʻana i ka paipu kila i ka mālama wela i ka manawa kūpono.3, mālama wela e like me nā koi kaʻina, pono e hoʻokele kūpono ka helu hoʻoluʻu, ʻo kāna hana a hoʻopau i ka hana paʻakikī.

7, pickling loa: anuanu huki kila paipu ili i ka lua e like me ka sesame-mea māwae, ke koʻikoʻi o ka laulā maʻamau ili ma mua o ka loko.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ʻaʻohe mānoanoa o ka ʻili o ka paipu kila, ʻoluʻolu a paʻa.2, lōʻihi loa ka manawa pickling.3, pickling noonoo haʻahaʻa, he kiʻekiʻe maʻiʻo o ka ferrous sulfate ma ka hihia o ke kiʻekiʻe pickling wela maʻalahi ma mua pickling.4, ʻaʻole kūlike ka ʻakika, ʻaʻole kahe ka hopena, ʻaʻole kūlike ka corrosion.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, e hoʻokō pono i ka hana ʻenehana pickling.2, wela lapaʻau hana, e pale uneven mānoanoa o kila paipu ili oxide unahiʻole.E hoʻokō pono i ka nānā ʻana i ka holoi holoi holoi ʻana, ka nānā ʻana i ka lepo, e pale i ka over-pickling.

8, Ka ili paipu kila huki anu i loko o kahi ʻāpana o nā lua kiko kiko maikaʻi, e lua ana: (Ma luna lua) hapa a mau paha ma ka ʻili kila.
ʻO nā kumu: 1, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ua mānoanoa loa ka ʻili hao, kaomi ʻana i ka ʻili hao i ka ʻili a me ka lua.2, ma hope o pickling koena oxide unahiʻole a saponification wai lepo, pitting huki.3, paipu pickling, paka lōʻihi 'eleʻele ma muli o ka pockmarked maka.4, ka paipu ili aila, wela lapaʻau coalesce i ka aila wahi puhi pumehana pockmarked maka.
Kāohi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ʻano: 1, ka hoʻokō pololei ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana wela wela i hoʻokomo ʻia.2, pili i ka huli wikiwiki.3, holoi ʻia ka pickling, mai ʻaiʻē i ka holoi holoi ʻana i ka manawa kūpono ma hope o ka pickling.

9, Kahakiʻi kiʻi: Hoʻopuka ke kaha kiʻi i nā leo ʻē, nele i ka hopena lubrication, mold Rui nap strain tube kaha kiʻi mīkini hoʻonui, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa.
Nā kumu: 1, ma mua o ke kaʻina hana ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i nā lula, nā pilikia ma kekahi mau mea, e like me ka pickling carbonization (hydrogen embrittlement), ma muli o ke anu i huki ʻia ke kila paipu kiʻi haki.2, ʻaʻole hiki i ka phosphating ke hoʻololi (kahiko loa) i hoʻopili ʻia ka phosphate i ke kiʻi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia ke kumu saponification, kahi e hoʻopuka mau ai i nā leo ʻano ʻē.3, haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe paha ka mahana saponification, ʻaʻole lawa ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka adsorption saponified a i ʻole kopa i acidified nalowale o ka hopena lubricating.4, phosphating kumu hoʻoheheʻe Rui a me ka paipu pā pōʻino, kahakiʻi i ka ukana piʻi.
Kāohi ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana: 1, ʻo ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻomalu i ka ʻike pickling, ka mahana, ka manawa, holoi holoi, hoʻololi i ka wai.2, nānā mau o ka phosphating solution o ka huina acidity, free acidity, ke kukulu ana i ka nui o ka phosphate film.3, ka mana o ka mahana saponification, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, mālama i ke kopa maʻemaʻe.