I ke kaʻina hana o ka wili kila, e puka mai ana nā hemahema kila inā ʻaʻole pololei ke ʻano kuʻi.ʻO nā hemahema maʻamau, ʻo ia ka haʻalulu wela, ka ʻūhā anu, ka haehae ʻana o ka lamellar, ka nele o ka hui ʻana a me ke komo ʻole ʻana, stomata a me ka slag.

Haʻalulu wela.

Hana ʻia ia i ka wā hoʻoluʻu o ka weld.ʻO ke kumu nui ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus i ke kila a me ka welding e hana i kekahi mau huila eutectic, ʻoi aku ka palupalu a paʻakikī.I ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka weld, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā huila eutectic i ke ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa a hiki ke maʻalahi.

Pohā anu.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka lohi ʻana, hana ʻia mai ka 200℃i ka wela lumi.E haki ʻia ma hope o kekahi mau minuke a i kekahi mau lā.ʻO ke kumu e pili kokoke ana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, nā mea welding, mālama, noi a me nā kaʻina hana.

Haehae Lamellar.

I ka wā i hoʻoluʻu ʻia ka mahana kuʻi ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o 400 degere, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ka pā a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haumia, ʻoi aku ka sulfur maʻiʻo, a he ikaika like ia me ka ʻōwili ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ma lalo o ka ikaika perpendicular i ka mānoanoa kuhikuhi i loko o ke kuʻihao kaʻina hana, ka mea, e hana i ka'ōwili kuhikuhi stepped māwae.

Ka nele o ka Fusion a me ke komo ʻole ʻana.

ʻO nā kumu ʻelua ke kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole kūpono o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, nā ana a me nā ana o ka groove, ʻaʻole lawa ka maʻemaʻe o ka groove a me ka weld surface a i ʻole ka ʻenehana welding maikaʻi ʻole.

Stomata.

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hana ʻana i ka porosity i ka weld e pili ana i ka mea i koho ʻia, mālama ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia o ka mea welding, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana welding, ka maʻemaʻe o ke awāwa a me ka pae pale o ka wai weld.

Slag.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano, ke ʻano a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hoʻohui non-metallic i nā ʻano weld a me ke ʻano kemika o ka welding, Flux a me weld metala.