Nā hemahema ili waho maʻamau o nā paipu ʻole (smls):

1. Ke kīnā ʻole ʻia
Mahele like ʻole: Inā mau ka mold slag ma ka ʻāina ma luna o ka ʻili o ka papa hoʻolei hoʻomau, e ʻike ʻia nā hemahema peʻe hohonu ma ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu i ʻōwili ʻia, a e puʻunaue ʻia lākou me ka longitudinally, a ʻike ʻia nā "poloka" ma kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻili. .ʻO ka hohonu o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka paipu i ʻōwili ʻia e pili ana i 0.5 ~ 1mm, a ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kuhikuhi ʻana he 40 ° ~ 60 °.

2. ʻO ke kīnā peʻe nui
Māhele lōʻihi: ʻIke ʻia nā hemahema māwae a me nā pōʻino pelu nui ma luna o ka ʻili o ka papa hoʻolei hoʻomau, a ua puʻunaue ʻia lākou me ka longitudinal.ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hohonu pelu ma ka ʻili o nā paipu kila ʻole ma kahi o 1 a 10 mm.

3. Nā hemahema māwae liʻiliʻi
Ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā paipu kila ʻole, aia nā hemahema o ka ʻili ma ka paia o waho o ke kino paipu ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā maka ʻōlohelohe.Nui nā hemahema liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka hohonu hohonu e pili ana i 0.15mm, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka paipu kila ʻole me kahi papa o ka hao oxide, a aia kahi papa decarburization ma lalo o ka hao hao. ʻo ka hohonu ma kahi o 0.2mm.

4. Nā hemahema laina
Aia nā hemahema laina ma ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu kila ʻole, a ʻo nā ʻano kikoʻī he hohonu pāpaʻu, ākea ākea, ʻike ʻia ka lalo, a me ka laulā mau.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka paia o waho o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe me nā ʻōpala me ka hohonu o <1mm, aia i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāwī.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, aia ka oxidation a me ka decarburization ma ka lihi o ke awāwa o ka paipu.

5. Nā hemahema ʻulaʻula
Aia nā pōʻino lua pāpaʻu ma ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu kila ʻole, me nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole.ʻAʻohe oxidation, decarburization, a aggregation a me nā inclusions a puni ka lua;ʻomi ʻia ka ʻiʻo a puni ka lua ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻano rheological plastic.

6. Ke kinai ʻana i ka māwae
Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela ma luna o ka paipu kila ʻole, a ʻike ʻia nā māwae lōʻihi ma ka ʻili o waho, i māhele ʻia i nā ʻāpana me kahi ākea.

Nā pōʻino maʻamau o loko o nā paipu ʻole:

1. ʻO ke kīnā o ka hull convex
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Macroscopic: ʻO ka paia o loko o ka paipu kila liʻiliʻi ua puʻunaue like ʻole i nā hemahema convex longitudinal liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau hemahema convex liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 0.2mm a 1mm.
Nā hiʻohiʻona microscopic: Aia nā kaulahao e like me ka ʻeleʻele hina hina ma ka huelo, waena a puni o ka hull convex ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka paia i loko o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka paipu kila ʻole.ʻO kēia ʻano kaulahao ʻeleʻele-hina he calcium aluminate a me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā oxides composite (iron oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide).

2. Kupe pololei
Nā hiʻohiʻona macroscopic: Hōʻike ʻia nā hemahema ʻano pololei i nā paipu kila ʻole, me kahi hohonu a me ka laula, e like me nā ʻōpala.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona microscopic: ʻO nā ʻōpala ma ka paia i loko o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāwī me ka hohonu o 1 a 2 knm.ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka decarburization oxidative ma ka lihi o ke awāwa.Loaʻa nā ʻano o ka rheology metala a me ka extrusion deformation ka ʻiʻo a puni o ke awāwa.E loaʻa nā microcracks ma muli o ka extrusion nui i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.