1. Nānā i nā huahana pickled: Hana ʻia nā pā kila pickled me nā ʻōwili kila wela. Ma hope o ka pickling, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka ili a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koi o nā pā kila pickled nā huahana waena ma waena o nā pā kila wela a me nā papa kila i ʻōwili ʻia. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pā kila wela, ʻo nā mea maikaʻi o nā pā kila pickled ka mea nui: maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka pololei, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hopena, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pollution kaiapuni i hana ʻia e ka pickling hoʻopuehu ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana wela, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā huahana pickled e weld no ka mea ua wehe ʻia ka unahi oxide o ka ʻili, a ua kūpono hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili e like me ka ʻaila a me ka pena. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka FA ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o nā huahana i ʻōwili wela, ʻo nā huahana pickled ʻo FB, a ʻo nā huahana i ʻōwili ʻia ʻo FB/FC/FD. Hiki i nā huahana pickled ke hoʻololi i nā huahana i ʻōwili ʻia e hana i kekahi mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻololi ka wela i ke anu.

2. Nā hemahema maʻamau o nā pā kila pickled:
ʻO nā hemahema maʻamau o nā pā kila pickled i kāna kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka mea nui: ʻokiʻoki i ka pālākiō o ka oxide, nā wahi oxygen (pena kiʻi o ka ʻāina), ka pūhaka (horizontal fold print), nā ʻōpala, nā kiko melemele, under-pickling, over-pickling, etc. 'Ōlelo Aʻo: Hoʻopili ʻia nā hemahema i nā koi o nā maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaelike wale nō i kapa ʻia nā hemahema.
2.1 ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka unahi hao oxide: ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka unahi hao oxide kahi kīnā ʻili i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻōwili wela. Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, kaomi pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana lōʻihi, me ka ʻili ʻōpala, maʻamau me ka manaʻo lima, a ʻike pinepine ʻia a paʻa paha.
ʻO nā kumu o ka pālākiō hao e pili ana i nā kumu he nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻano: ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka umu wela, ke kaʻina descaling, ke kaʻina ʻōwili, nā mea ʻōwili, a me ka mokuʻāina, ka mokuʻāina, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻōwili.
Nā hana hoʻomalu: E hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana, e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā hele descaling, a nānā mau a mālama i ka'ōwili a me ka'ōwili, i mālamaʻia ka laina wili i ke kūlana maikaʻi.
2.2 Nā kiko oxygen (nā pōʻino pena kiʻi o ka ʻāina): ʻO nā hemahema kiko o ka oxygen e pili ana i ke ʻano kiko kiko, ke ʻano laina, a i ʻole ke ʻano lua i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka holoi ʻia ʻana o ka unahi hao oxide ma ka ʻili o ka wili wela. ʻIke ʻia, ʻike ʻia he ʻokoʻa kala like ʻole. No ka mea, ua like ke ʻano me ka pena kiʻi ʻāina, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kīnā kiʻi ʻāina. ʻIke ʻia, he hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele me nā piko undulating, i māhele ʻia ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa a ʻāpana paha ma ka ʻili o ka pā kila. He ʻeleʻele unahi hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka papa o nā mea e lana ana ma luna o ka ʻili, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopā ʻana, a ʻeleʻele a māmā paha ke kala. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele he ʻano koʻikoʻi, a he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka helehelena ma hope o ka electrophoresis, akā ʻaʻole pili i ka hana.
Ke kumu o nā kiko o ka oxygen (nā hemahema pena kiʻi ʻāina): ʻO ke kumu o kēia hemahema, ʻaʻole i wehe loa ʻia ka unahi hao oxidized ma luna o ka ʻili wela, a kaomi ʻia i loko o ka matrix ma hope o ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana, a kū i waho ma hope o ka pickling. .
Nā hana hoʻomalu no nā wahi oxygen: e hoʻemi i ka wela o ke kila o ka umu wela, e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kaʻa hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaʻina hana wai hoʻomaha.
2.3 ʻĀpana pūhaka: ʻO ka ʻili pūhaka he wrinkle transverse, piko, a i ʻole ʻāpana rheological e kū pono ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻōwili. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke wehe ʻia, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka lima inā ʻeha.
Nā kumu o ka ʻili pūhaka: ʻO ke kila i pepehi ʻia i ka alumini kalapona haʻahaʻa he paepae hoʻohua maoli. Ke wehe ʻia ka wili kila, hiki mai ka hopena deformation ma lalo o ka hana o ke koʻikoʻi kuʻi, e hoʻohuli i ka piko ʻaʻahu mua i ka piko like ʻole, e loaʻa ana i kahi pūhaka.
2.4 Nā kiko melemele: ʻIke ʻia nā kiko melemele ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana a i ʻole ka ʻili o ka pā kila holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhi ʻia ma hope o ka ʻaila ʻana, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
Nā kumu o nā kiko melemele: He kiʻekiʻe ka hana o ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma waho o ka pahu pickling, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wai holoi ke hoʻokō i ke ʻano o ka holoi maʻamau o ka ʻili, a ʻo ka ʻili o ke kaula i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a melemele; ua ālai ʻia ka ʻōpala a me ka nozzle o ka pahu holoi, a ʻaʻole like nā kihi.
ʻO nā hana hoʻomalu no nā kiko melemele: e nānā mau i ke kūlana o ka lāʻau spray a me ka nozzle, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka nozzle; hōʻoia i ke kaomi o ka wai holoi, etc.
2.5 Nā ʻōpala: Aia kekahi mau hohonu o nā ʻōpala ma luna o ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole maʻamau ke ʻano, e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka huahana.
Nā kumu o nā ʻōpala: ʻaʻole kūpono ka loop loop; ʻaʻahu i ke kapa nylon; ʻino ke ʻano o ka pā kila e hiki mai ana; ka wili ʻana o ke apo o loko o ka wili wela, etc.
Nā hana hoʻomalu no nā ʻōpala: 1) E hoʻonui i ka haʻalulu o ka loop i kūpono; 2) E nānā mau i ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka liner, a hoʻololi i ka liner me ke ʻano o ka ʻili i ka manawa; 3) Hoʻoponopono i ka wili kila e komo mai ana me ke ʻano pāpaʻi maikaʻi ʻole a me ke apo i loko.
2.6 Under-pickling: ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo under-pickling, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka unahi hao oxide kūloko ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻōpala, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka pā kila, a aia nā unahi iʻa a i ʻole nā ​​nalu wai ākea. .
Nā kumu o ka under-pickling: Ua pili kēia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻonā waika a me ke ʻano o ka papa kila. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻakika, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka wikiwiki o ka holo ʻana o ka strip, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke kaula i loko o ka hopena waika. ʻAʻole kūlike ka mānoanoa o ka pālākiō wela, a he ʻano nalu ke ʻano o ka wili kila. He mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana ma lalo o ka pickling ma ke poʻo, ka huelo, a me ka lihi o ke kaula.
Nā hana hoʻomalu no ka ʻohi ʻana i lalo: hoʻoponopono i ke kaʻina hana pickling, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina ʻōwili wela, hoʻomalu i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, a hoʻokumu i kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻina kūpono.
2.7 ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana: ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻohi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻohi nui ʻana. He ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻili o ka ʻili, me nā wahi ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a ʻeleʻele paha, a ʻo ka ʻili o ka pā kila he ʻeleʻele.
Nā kumu o ka ʻohi ʻana: ʻAʻole i ka under-pickling, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻohi ʻana inā he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻakika, kiʻekiʻe ka mahana, a lohi ke kāʻei. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka waena a me ka laula o ke kaula.
Nā hana hoʻomalu no ka ʻohi ʻana: Hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana pickling, hoʻokumu i kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻina kūpono, a hoʻokō i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae hoʻokele maikaʻi.

3. Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila pickled
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāpana kila wela, hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻina hana pickling. Manaʻo ʻia he maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila pickled me ka maikaʻi kūpono. Eia naʻe, hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana pickled, ʻaʻole wale ka laina pickling i ke kūlana maikaʻi, akā ʻo ke kūlana hana a me ka hana o ke kaʻina hana mua (steelmaking and hot rolling process) pono e mālama paʻa i ka maikaʻi. hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia o nā mea komo wela wela. No laila, pono e hoʻopili i kahi ala hoʻokele maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana i kahi kūlana maʻamau e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope.