ʻO Tee, kuʻekuʻe, mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa he mau paipu maʻamau

ʻO nā paipu kila kilae komo pū me nā kuʻekuʻe lima kila, nā mea hoʻoemi kila, nā pāpale kila, nā kāʻei kila, nā keʻa kila, etc.

Ma ke ano o ka pili, hiki ke maheleia na paipu paipu inā mea kuʻi wili,nā mea hoʻopili pili,nā kumu wiliwili, etc.

No ka meakuʻekuʻe lima kila, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana hana like ʻole. ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui he mea maʻamau, CSP hoʻomau ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka ʻōwili a me ka semi-continuous hot rolling, etc. ʻO nā ʻenehana hana ʻokoʻa he mau pono like ʻole.

ʻO ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka ʻōwili mau ʻana o CSP: ʻO ka ʻenehana hana o ke kila manganese haʻahaʻa i loaʻa ka niobium, vanadium a me ka titanium composite microalloying i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka laina hana CSP ma o ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana, ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana a me ka wili.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā waiwai mechanical a me nā microstructure o nā paipu kila kila i nā koi ʻenehana o nā kuʻekuʻe kuʻekuʻe kila kila X60 hou.

ʻO ka ʻōwili wela semi-hoʻomau: Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka umu ahi 1 a me 5 ka mīkini hoʻopau hoʻopau. I ka manawa o ka hana ʻana, hana mua ʻia ka ʻōwili wela ma ka pass hoʻopau, a paʻa mau ke kaʻina hana mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi.