Quality kalapona structural kila hot-rolled haʻahaʻa puʻepaipu pailahoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka paila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu nui, nā paipu wai ʻolokaʻa a me nā paipu paila locomotive superheated, ka paipu opiuma, ka paipu liʻiliʻi a me nā paipu pahu pōhaku a me nā Stubbs (owili) ʻole.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o nā paila ʻoihana a me ke ola boiler haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wai kaʻa pipeline.

Ma lalo o ka ho'ēmi 'oko'a i ka nui o nā 'ano ki'i 'oko'a e huki ai i ka ea ha'aha'a ha'aha'a pu'upu'u boiler tube anawaena e hoemi i ka hopena o ka nui o ka huki 'ole ma mua o ka paia o loko o ka mold a me ke ka'ina haole e ka radial pressure, radial pressure make. anawaena puka e hoonui, e like me ka leo hoonui me ke kaomi radial.Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua ʻo ke degere o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hakahaka huki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa puʻupuʻu pahu pahu metala, ka ikaika tensile, ka nui o ka puka i hoʻonui ʻia a me ka huki ʻana o waho e huki ana i ke anawaena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o waho e like me ka nui o ka hoʻonui a me ka nui. deformation, a me ke poʻo _ a hiki i Stubbs Road Stubbs Road i loaʻa i nā manawa like ʻole ke anawaena o waho o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai o ka nui hoʻemi anawaena liʻiliʻi.Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka huki ʻana ma mua o ka paʻakikī ʻole a me ka huki ʻana i nā pā nui.ʻO ka hele like ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka deformation, ke degere o nā paipu paila haʻahaʻa e paʻakikī ana i ka paʻakikī ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka deformation o ka metala i hoʻonui ʻia, ʻo ka plastic haʻahaʻa metala deformation hoʻemi i ka ikaika e pono ai e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka deformation plastic. me ka nui, a hoonui i ka ratio pili o ka elastic deformation.ʻO ke alanui ʻo Stubbs he ʻumi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana, no laila, ʻo ka deformation o ka ʻāpana deformation metala ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka rebound ma hope o ka hopena a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o waho ma mua o ka huki ʻole ʻana i nā ala nui.