Ma hope o 20 mau makahiki o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ʻo Kinapahu ʻailahana mai ka'ōpala, mai ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, mai ka papa kila haʻahaʻa i nā huahana moʻo API, a laila i nā huahana API ʻole me nā koi kūikawā, mai ka nui a i ka maikaʻi, ua kokoke lākou i ka pae o ka aila haole a me nā huahana casing.Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka māhele mākeke kūloko o ka ʻaila punawai Kina ma mua o 80%, a ua lilo ia i huahana hoʻokuʻu aku no nā makahiki he nui.

Wahi a ka māhele ʻāina ma Kina, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke koi no ka aila a me ka casing ma ka ʻāina hikina.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻaila aila a me nā māla kūloko, ua huli ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Daqing, Liaohe, Shengli a me nā ʻoihana ʻaila ʻē aʻe o ka Hikina i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻaila hinu o Western e like me Sichuan a me Xinjiang, me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o nā māla aila waho.Eia kekahi, e ulu ana mai ka aina a i kahakai a mai ke kai papau a i ke kai hohonu.Eia kekahi, ke piʻi nei ka hohonu a me ka hohonu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi no ka ʻaila a me ka casing.

ʻO nā ʻano pahu like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka aila: ka ʻaila ʻili - pale i ka pūnāwai mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka wai pāpaʻu a me nā ʻāpana kinoea - kākoʻo i nā lako poʻo wai a mālama i ke kaumaha o nā papa ʻē aʻe o ka pahu.ʻO ka pahu aila ʻenehana - hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaomi o nā papa like ʻole, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka holo maʻamau o ka quota wai wili a pale i ka pahu hana.- No ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea anti burst, ka mea hōʻike leak a me ka liner i loko o ka pūnāwai.Kaʻaila hinu - lawe ʻia ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea mai ka waihona ma lalo o ka ʻili.-Hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka pūnāwai a hoʻokaʻawale i ka lepo wili.I ka hana ʻana i ka pahu aila, ʻo ka anawaena o waho he 114.3 mm a 508 mm.

Mālama ʻia ke poʻo pūnāwai e ke kaumaha o ka pahu i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu.

ʻO ka pahu aila ʻenehana - hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaomi o nā papa like ʻole, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka holo maʻamau o ka quota wai wili a pale i ka pahu hana.- No ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea anti burst, ka mea hōʻike leak a me ka liner i loko o ka pūnāwai.

Kaʻaila hinu - lawe ʻia ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea mai ka waihona ma lalo o ka ʻili.-Hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka pūnāwai a hoʻokaʻawale i ka lepo wili.I ka hana ʻana i ka pahu aila, ʻo ka anawaena o waho he 114.3 mm a 508 mm.

Wahi a SY / t6194-96 "petroleum casing", hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pahu ʻaila i loko o ka pahu wili pōkole a me kāna hoʻopili ʻana a me ka pahu kaula lōʻihi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana.