ʻO ka paipu kila kila he kila pōʻai lōʻihi, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻaila, kemika, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, ka ʻoihana māmā, nā mīkini a me nā mea kani, a me nā pipeline ʻoihana ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻāpana hana mechanical. Ma waho aʻe, i ka like ʻana o ka ikaika kulou a me ka torsion, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaumaha, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mechanical a me nā hale ʻenekinia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā mea kaua maʻamau, barela, a me nā pūpū.

1. Kūleʻa
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o nā paipu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ke kuʻi i kahi lua i loko o kahi billet kila kila ma kahi mahana o 2200°f. I kēia wela kiʻekiʻe, lilo ka kila mea hana i palupalu a hoʻopololei ʻia mai ka lua ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana a me ke kaha kiʻi. Ma kēia ala, ʻaʻole kūlike ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka pipeline a kiʻekiʻe ka eccentricity. No laila, ʻae ʻo ASTM i ka ʻokoʻa mānoanoa o ka pā o nā paipu seamless e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā paipu seamed. Hana ʻia ka paipu slotted me kahi pepa anuanu-rolled pololei (me ka laulā o 4-5 kapuaʻi no ka coil). He 0.002 'īniha ka mānoanoa o ka paia o kēia mau pepa ʻōwili anu. Ua ʻoki ʻia ka pā kila i ka laula o πd, kahi d ka anawaena o waho o ka paipu. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu maʻa he liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia he ʻano like ʻole i ke anapuni.

2. wiliwili
ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻohui kemika ma waena o nā paipu hili a me nā paipu ʻole. ʻO ka hui kila no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu seamless wale nō ke koi kumu o ASTM. ʻO ke kila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu hili ʻia he mau mea kemika kūpono no ka wili. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hui ʻana o nā mea e like me ke silicon, sulfur, manganese, oxygen, a me ka triangular ferrite i kekahi ʻāpana hiki ke hoʻohua i ka weld hehee e maʻalahi ke hoʻololi i ka wela i ka wā o ka welding, i hiki ke komo i ka weld holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā paipu kila i nele i ka haku mele ʻana i luna, e like me nā paipu seamless, e hana i nā ʻano mea paʻa ʻole i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻana a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e wili paʻa a piha ʻole.

3. Ka nui o ka palaoa
ʻO ka nui o ka palaoa o ka metala e pili ana i ka mahana mālama wela a me ka manawa e mālama ai i ka mahana like. Ua like ka nui o ka palaoa o ka paipu kila kuhiliʻole annealed a me ka paipu kila kuhili ʻole. Inā hoʻohana ka paipu seam i ka mālama anu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka weld ma mua o ka nui o ka metala welded, inā ʻaʻole, ua like ka nui o ka palaoa.