ʻO 20 # paipu kila maʻemaʻe ka papa waiwai i kuhikuhi ʻia ma GB3087-2008 "Nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no nā paila haʻahaʻa a me waena". He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka carbon structural structural steel seamless steel pipe kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano paila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me waena. He mea maʻamau a me ka nui-nui ka paipu kila. I ka wā e hana ana ka mea hana pahu paila i ke poʻo hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua ʻike ʻia aia nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻili o loko o nā ʻumi o nā hui paipu. ʻO ka mea hui paipu he 20 kila me kahi kikoʻī o Φ57mm × 5mm. Ua nānā mākou i ka paipu kila māhā a ua hana mākou i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo e hana hou i ka hemahema a ʻike i ke kumu o ka māwae transverse.

1. Māhā hiʻona kālailai
Mopology māwae: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he nui nā māwae transverse i puʻunaue ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao longitudinal o ka paipu kila. Ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā māwae. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia māwae kekahi hiʻohiʻona wavy, me ka hoʻololi iki ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao longitudinal a ʻaʻohe ʻōpala longitudinal. Aia kekahi ʻaoʻao deflection ma waena o ka māwae a me ka ʻili o ka paipu kila a me kekahi laula. Aia nā oxides a me ka decarburization ma ka lihi o ka māwae. He bluft ka lalo a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka hoʻonui. ʻO ka hoʻolālā matrix he ferrite + pearlite maʻamau, i māhele ʻia i loko o kahi pā a loaʻa ka nui o ka palaoa o 8. ʻO ke kumu o ka māwae e pili ana i ka friction ma waena o ka paia o loko o ka paipu kila a me ka ʻōpala i loko i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka paipu kila.

Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona macroscopic a me microscopic morphological o ka māwae, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hana ʻia ka māwae ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela hope o ka paipu kila. Hoʻohana ka paipu kila i ka Φ90mm round tube billet. ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui i loaʻa iā ia, ʻo ia ka perforation wela, ka ʻōwili wela a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke anawaena, a me ʻelua kiʻi anu. ʻO ke kaʻina kikoʻī ʻo ia ka Φ90mm round tube billet i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o ka Φ93mm × 5.8mm ʻōpala ʻōpala, a laila ʻōwili wela a hoʻemi ʻia i Φ72mm × 6.2mm. Ma hope o ka pickling a me ka lubrication, lawe ʻia ke kiʻi anu mua. ʻO ka kikoʻī ma hope o ke kaha kiʻi anuanu ʻo Φ65mm × 5.5mm. Ma hope o ka annealing waena, pickling, a lubrication, lawe ʻia ke kiʻi anu lua. ʻO ka kikoʻī ma hope o ke kaha kiʻi anuanu ʻo Φ57mm × 5mm.

Wahi a ka loiloi kaʻina hana, ʻo nā mea e pili ana i ka friction ma waena o ka paia o loko o ka paipu kila a me ka make i loko ka mea nui o ka lubrication a pili pū kekahi i ka plasticity o ka paipu kila. Inā maikaʻi ka plasticity o ka paipu kila, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hiki ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā māwae, a pili ka plasticity maikaʻi ʻole i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi hoʻomaha annealing wela. Ma muli o kēia, ua manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia nā māwae ma ke kaʻina kaha kiʻi anu. Eia kekahi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i wehe nui nā māwae a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻike nā māwae i ka mana o ka deformation kiʻi kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea nui loa. ʻO ka manawa e hana ʻia ai nā māwae ʻo ia ka lua o ke kaʻina kaha kiʻi anu. ʻO nā mea e hoʻoikaika nui ai ʻo ia ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole a/a i ʻole ka hoʻoluhi hoʻoluhi pilikia.

No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu o nā māwae, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hana paipu kila. Ma muli o ka nānā ʻana i luna, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe: Ma lalo o ke ʻano i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia ka perforation a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke anawaena o ka wela wela, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka lubrication a me / a i ʻole ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻōla wela, a nānā ʻia nā paipu kila i huki ʻia. e ho'āʻo e hana hou i nā hemahema like.

2. Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo ʻeiwa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana lubrication a me nā ʻāpana hana annealing. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka phosphating maʻamau a me ka lubrication manawa manawa he 40min, ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka hoʻoluhi hoʻoluhi hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka mahana he 830 ℃, a ʻo ka manawa insulation maʻamau he 20min. Ke hoʻohana nei ke kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo i kahi ʻāpana kaha kiʻi anuanu 30t a me kahi umu wela wela lalo.

3. Nā hopena hoʻāʻo
Ma o ka nana ana i na paipu kila i hanaia e na papa hana 9 maluna ae, ua ikeia, koe wale no na papahana 3, 4, 5, a me 6, ua naueue a me na mawae hulina o na hana e ae i na degere like ole. Ma waena o lākou, ua loaʻa i ka papahana 1 kahi annular step; ʻO ka papahana 2 a me 8 he mau māwae koʻikoʻi, a ua like loa ke ʻano o ka māwae me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka hana ʻana; ua lulu nā papahana 7 a me 9, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā māwae transverse.

4. Ka nānā 'ana a me ke kūkākūkā
Ma o ke kaʻina hoʻāʻo, ua hōʻoia piha ʻia ʻo ka lubrication a me ka intermediate stress relief annealing i ka wā o ke kaʻina kiʻi anu o nā paipu kila he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua hoʻopuka hou nā papahana 2 a me 8 i nā hemahema like ma ka paia o loko o ka paipu kila i loaʻa i ka hana i luna.

ʻO ka papahana 1 ka hana ʻana i ke kaha anu mua ma luna o ka pahu makuahine i hoʻemi ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hana phosphating a me ka lubrication. Ma muli o ka nele o ka lubrication, ʻo ka ukana i koi ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kiʻi anu i hiki i ka ukana kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini huki anu. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kiʻi anuanu he hana nui. ʻO ka haʻalulu ʻana o ka paipu kila a me ka friction me ka ʻōpala ke kumu i nā ʻanuʻu ʻike ma ka paia o loko o ka paipu, e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity o ka paipu makuahine, ʻoiai he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ke kaha kiʻi ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kumu. nā māwae transverse. Ma ka Papahana 2, e huki mau ana ka paipu kila me ka phosphating maikaʻi ʻole a me ka lubrication me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi waena, e like me nā māwae transverse. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka Papahana 3, ʻaʻohe hemahema i ʻike ʻia ma ke kaha anu mau o ka paipu kila me ka phosphating maikaʻi a me ka lubrication me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoluhi hoʻoluʻu koʻikoʻi waena, e hōʻike mua ana ʻo ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole ke kumu nui o nā māwae transverse. Hoʻololi ka papahana 4 a hiki i ka 6 i ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lubrication maikaʻi, a ʻaʻohe hemahema o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana ma muli o ka hopena, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ʻo ka annealing hoʻoluʻu koʻikoʻi ke kumu nui e alakaʻi ai i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā māwae transverse. Hoʻololi ka papahana 7 i ka 9 i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa me ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i ka manawa phosphating a me ka lubrication ma ka hapalua. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻoluliluli nā paipu kila o ka Papahana 7 a me 9, a ua hana ka Papahana 8 i nā māwae transverse like.

Hōʻike ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike ma luna nei e hiki mai ana nā māwae transverse i nā hihia ʻelua o ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole + ʻaʻohe annealing waena a me ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole + haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa annealing wela. I nā hihia o ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole + maikaʻi intermediate annealing, maikaʻi lubrication + ʻaʻohe intermediate annealing, a me ka lubrication maikaʻi + haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai e hiki mai nā hemahema laina, ʻaʻole e hiki mai nā māwae transverse ma ka paia o loko o ka paipu kila. ʻO ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole ke kumu nui o nā māwae transverse, a ʻo ka hoʻoluhi hoʻoluʻu kaumaha waena ke kumu kōkua.

No ka mea, ua like ke ko'iko'i huki o ka paipu kila me ka ikaika friction, e alaka'i ka lubrication maika'i i ka ho'onui 'ana i ka ikaika kaha ki'i a me ka emi 'ana o ke kaha kaha ki'i. He haʻahaʻa ka māmā i ka wā e huki mua ʻia ai ka paipu kila. Inā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wikiwiki ma mua o kahi waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka bifurcation point, e hoʻopuka ka mandrel i ka haʻalulu hoʻohiwahiwa iā ia iho, e hopena i nā laina haʻalulu. Inā lawa ʻole ka lubrication, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka friction axial ma waena o ka ʻili (ʻoi loa ka ʻili o loko) a me ka make i ka wā kiʻi ʻana, e hopena i ka paʻakikī o ka hana. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka mahana wela o ka paipu kila (e like me 630 ℃ i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo) a i ʻole he annealing, ua maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā māwae.

E like me ka theoretical helu (ka haʻahaʻa recrystallization wela ≈ 0.4×1350 ℃), ka recrystallization mahana o 20 # kila ma kahi o 610 ℃. Inā kokoke ka mahana annealing i ka mahana recrystallization, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka paipu kila, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka hana, ka hopena o ka plasticity material, ua ālai ʻia ke kahe metala i ka wā friction, a ʻo nā ʻāpana o loko a me waho o ka metala ua koʻikoʻi. deformed unevenly, ma laila e hoʻoulu ai i kahi koʻikoʻi hou axial. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi axial o ka metala ʻili o loko o ka paipu kila ma mua o kona palena, a laila e hoʻohua ai i nā māwae.

5. Ka hopena
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā māwae transverse ma ka paia o loko o kahi paipu kila ʻole 20# ma muli o ka hopena hui ʻana o ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana a me ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻoluhi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela (a i ʻole ka annealing). Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka lubrication maikaʻi ʻole ke kumu nui, a ʻo ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i ke kaumaha ma waena o ka pilikia (a ʻaʻole annealing) ke kumu kōkua. I mea e pale aku ai i nā hemahema like ʻole, pono nā mea hana i nā mea hana hale hana e hahai pono i nā lula ʻenehana kūpono o ka lubrication a me ke kaʻina hana wela i ka hana. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka roller-bottom continuous annealing furnace he umu hoʻomau hoʻomau, ʻoiai he mea maʻalahi a wikiwiki hoʻi e hoʻouka a hoʻoiho, paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka mahana a me ka wikiwiki o nā mea o nā kikoʻī like ʻole a me nā nui i loko o ka umu. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono ʻia e like me nā lula, maʻalahi ia e hoʻoulu i ka mahana annealing uneven a i ʻole ka manawa pōkole, e hopena i ka lawa ʻole o ka recrystallization, e alakaʻi ana i nā hemahema i ka hana ma hope. No laila, ʻo nā mea hana e hoʻohana ana i nā umu annealing hoʻomau i ka roller-bottom no ka mālama ʻana i ka wela e hoʻomalu i nā koi like ʻole a me nā hana maoli o ka mālama wela.