304 he kowiri tira te kakahu paipa korekore he tino noa, he maha nga take mo tenei ahuatanga he ahua-a-tinana-matū me te miihini, ko te nuinga na te kakahu abrasive, te kakahu piri (whakapiri), te kakahu ngenge (pitting) te waikura me te kakahu.

304 kowiri tira putorino tuitui me te kakahu tata katoa āhuatanga i te hononga, engari i raro i ngā tikanga rerekē o te kakahu tikanga, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i te mau ātete o te āhuatanga rauemi he whakaritenga rerekē. I te mea he rereke nga ahuatanga o te waku me nga tikanga whakamatautau, ko te taupae kakahu e waatea ana e whakaatuhia ana e te whakamahi, te whakakakahu ranei i te miihini whakamatautau i whakamatauhia i raro i nga tikanga kua tohua te whakahekenga rauemi ine (g / cm2), ko tona hurihanga ranei, e kii ana te waku kakahu me te mau i te whakamatautau tawhā ine.

Ahumahi paninga maihao maihao peita ki te mahi miihini o te aukati waku. Ko te tino whakaata i te pakeke, te piri me te whakakotahitanga o te paanga o te paninga. I raro i te taua tikanga, pai ātete abrasion o te rauemi whakarewa, no te mea he pānga viscoelastic, e te pūngao pūreirei, ngongo me te tuku. Ko te whakatau i te aukati abrasion o te paninga he taputapu mau. I roto i te tetahi kawenga, te wira rapa paninga i muri i te maha kua whakaritea o hurihanga o huri, paninga mate taimaha whakaritea i roto i karamu.