Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kauv steel kav, cov hlau phaj yog uniformly deformed, cov residual kev nyuaj siab yog me me, thiab tsis muaj khawb ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem kauv steel yeeb nkab muaj qhov yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa tuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim cov qib siab ...
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