VuamNws yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob daim hlau los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms ntawm cov khoom siv welded rau hauv cheeb tsam sib koom ua ke (weld).Vuam yog nqa tawm los ntawm cua sov cov khoom sib koom ua ke mus rau melting point thiab fusing lawv ua ke (nrog lossis tsis muaj muab tub lim. khoom) los yog los ntawm kev siv lub siab rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv txias los yog rhuab xeev.Muaj kev faib cov txheej txheem vuam:

1.Root vuam

Lub hom phiaj ntawm down-welding rau cov kav xa mus ntev yog siv cov vuam loj thiab cov khoom siv vuam me me kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txuag nqi, thiab ntau cov welders tseem siv cov kav dej uas muaj qhov sib txawv loj thiab cov blunts me me rau tag nrho cov vuam. . Nws yog unscientific thiab uneconomical siv lub ntug parameter ntawm ntug raws li ib tug downward vuam txheej txheem rau cov kav dej. Xws li cov khoom siv tsis tau tsuas yog nce qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, tab sis kuj ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm vuam tsis xws luag raws li kev siv cov khoom siv vuam nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho ntawm cov hauv paus hniav tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li qhov tsis xws luag tsim los ntawm kev sau lub hau npog, yog li kev xaiv ntawm lub hauv paus vuam tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, qhov sib txawv ntawm 1.2-1.6 hli, thiab blunt ntug yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1.5- 2.0 hli.

Thaum ua cov hauv paus welding, cov electrode yuav tsum tau ua ib lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees nrog lub axis ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab taw tes rau axis. Qhov tseeb electrode posture yog tus yuam sij los xyuas kom meej qhov tsim ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm lub hauv paus weld, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kom ntseeg tau tias lub hauv paus weld hlaws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub weld thiab tshem tawm tom thiab ib sab tsis tau nkag mus rau tag nrho. Thaum lub kaum sab xis ntev ntawm lub electrode raug kho, lub peev xwm nkag tau ntawm cov electrode tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Txij li feem ntau nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tau txais qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab blunt ntug, tus welder yuav tsum tau kho cov arc los ntawm kev kho lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub electrode. Kev nkag mus quab yuam kom hloov mus rau qhov sib koom ua ke thiab vuam txoj haujlwm. Lub electrode yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, tshwj tsis yog lub arc tshuab. Cov welder tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov arc tshuab los ntawm kev kho lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov electrode thiab cov axis ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab ua kom lub arc luv luv, txwv tsis pub sab hauv ntawm ib sab qhov zawj uas lub arc tshuab yuav tom hauv, thiab lwm sab yuav tsis. yuav nkag siab.

Rau kev tswj ntawm weld hlaws molten pas dej ua ke, thiaj li yuav tau txais ib tug zoo-tsim cag weld hlaws, nco ntsoov khaws ib tug me me thaum lub sij hawm lub hauv paus welding txheej txheem. Lub pas dej molten pom yog tus yuam sij. Yog hais tias lub pas dej molten loj dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau sab hauv los yog kub hnyiab tam sim ntawd. Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm lub pas dej molten yog 3.2mm ntev. Thaum pom qhov hloov me me hauv lub pas dej molten loj, nws yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd lub kaum sab xis electrode, tam sim no thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kom tswj tau qhov loj ntawm lub pas dej molten.

Hloov qee yam cuam tshuam los tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag

Hauv paus welding cag ntxuav yog tus yuam sij kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm cov hauv paus hniav vuam hauv tag nrho cov vuam. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv paus welding hauv paus tu yog kom tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov kab tsheb ciav hlau. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus tu ntau dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov hauv paus hniav welding nyias nyias, uas yooj yim thaum lub sij hawm vuam kub. Yog tias kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim thiab kev ntxuav tsis txaus, slag suav nrog cov pores yuav tshwm sim. Txhawm rau ntxuav cov hauv paus hniav, siv 4.0mm tuab disc-shaped sib tsoo log. Peb cov welders feem ntau nyiam siv 1.5 los yog 2.0mm reworked txiav discs li vuam slag tshem tawm cov cuab yeej, tab sis 1.5 los yog 2.0mm txiav discs feem ntau yog ua rau sib sib zog nqus grooves, uas yuav ua rau tsis tiav fusion los yog slag inclusion nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej welding txheej txheem, uas ua rau cov welding discs. rework, tib lub sij hawm, slag poob thiab slag tshem tawm efficiency ntawm 1.5 los yog 2.0mm txiav discs tsis zoo li 4.0mm tuab disc-shaped sib tsoo discs. Rau qhov yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, cov kab tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab lub nraub qaum ntawm cov ntses yuav tsum tau kho kom ze li ntawm lub tiaj los yog me ntsis concave.

2. Kub vuam

Kub vuam tsuas yog ua tau raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus vuam tu kom zoo, feem ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vuam kub thiab cov hauv paus hniav vuam tsis tuaj yeem ntev dua 5min. Lub semi-automatic tiv thaiv vuam feem ntau yog siv lub kaum sab xis ntawm 5 degrees mus rau 15 degrees, thiab vuam hlau ua ib lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees nrog rau kev tswj axis. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kub weld hlaws yog tsis ua los yog ua ib tug me me khub ntawm lateral swings. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kom ntseeg tau tias lub arc nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub pas dej molten, nqis los nrog lub pas dej molten thaum 4 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj; txoj hauj lwm los ntawm 8 teev rau 6 teev yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Ua viav vias tom qab kom tsis txhob over-protruding weld hlaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm overhead welding.

Rau kev tshem tawm ntawm arc pib thiab kaw lub qhov cua, koj tuaj yeem nres ntawm qhov chaw pib kom yooj yim rau cov pa ya tawm ntawm lub pas dej molten, lossis siv qhov sib tshooj arc pib thiab kaw arcs yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los daws cov arc pib thiab kaw huab cua. qhov; Tom qab ua tiav, siv 4.0mm tuab disc-shaped sib tsoo log kom tshem tawm cov hlaws convex.

Yog hais tias lub hauv paus welding raug hlawv tawm thaum lub sij hawm vuam kub, lub semi-automatic tiv thaiv vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los kho, txwv tsis pub cov pores ntom yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv kho weld. Cov txheej txheem raug yog kom nres lub semi-automatic tiv thaiv vuam tam sim ntawd thaum nws pom tias raug hlawv los ntawm, thiab zom cov hauv paus hniav kub hnyiab los ntawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ob qhov kawg ntawm qhov kub hnyiab mus rau hauv txoj kab nqes maj mam hloov, raws li lub hauv paus vuam. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum, siv phau ntawv cellulose electrode los hlawv cov hlawv los ntawm Kev kho vuam, thiab tos rau lub vuam seam kub ntawm qhov chaw kho vuam kom poob mus rau 100 degrees mus rau 120 degrees, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv vuam raws li cov hlaws kub ib txwm. - tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv vuam txheej txheem.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xaiv ntawm cov hlaws kub txheej txheem tsis yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas lub hauv paus weld hlaws tsis raug hlawv los ntawm. Lub siab xaim pub ceev thiab qhov vuam hluav taws xob sib piv cov hlau pub ceev yog siv ntau li ntau tau. Qhov zoo yog: vuam siab tuaj yeem tau txais Kev nrawm, siab xaim pub ceev tuaj yeem tau txais qhov tob tob tob, thiab qhov loj arc voltage tuaj yeem tau txais lub pas dej dav hlau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov seem slag tom qab lub hauv paus weld dhau cleared, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov zais. slag yaj nyob rau hauv rut kab ntawm lub hauv paus weld dhau tawm, ntab mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej molten, thiab tau txais concave weld hlaws, txo cov kev siv zog ntawm kub weld hlaws slag tshem tawm.

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev tshem tawm slag ntawm cov hlaws kub yuav tsum tau lub log hlau kom tshem tawm cov slag, thiab cov slag uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ib feem yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Ib feem ntawm cov hlaws yuav tsum tau 4.0mm tuab disc-zoo li tus sib tsoo log kom tshem tawm cov protruding ib feem (feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm 5: 30-6: 30 o'clock txoj hauj lwm), txwv tsis pub nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cylindrical pores Vuam slag yog tsis tso cai rau lub weld. hlaws, vim hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm vuam slag yuav cuam tshuam rau cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm txhaws arc, ua rau instantaneous arc cuam tshuam thiab tsim ntawm lub zos ntom pores.

3.Fill welding

Sau cov hlaws hlaws tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev ua kom cov vuam zoo ntawm cov hlaws kub. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv welding yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li cov vuam kub. Tom qab cov hlaws txhaws tiav lawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav vuam yog 2 mus rau 4 cov ntsiab lus thiab 8 mus rau 10 cov ntsiab lus yog qhov yooj yim flush nrog rau saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus hlau, thiab cov npoo seem ntawm qhov zawj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.5mm ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. , los xyuas kom meej tias qhov vuam ntawm lub hau npog yog ntsug. Yuav tsis muaj porosity nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm los yog qis dua cov khoom siv hauv paus. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, sau welding yog yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib ntsug sau welding. Vertical filling welding tsuas yog thaum lub hlaws txhaws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2-4 teev thiab 10-8 teev. Thaum lub welding tiav lawm, lub filling nto yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zawj ntawm qhov chaw saum toj no, xws li npog ncaj qha, ua kom tiav cov hlaws Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub vuam seam nto yog qis dua cov khoom siv hauv qab ntawm txoj hauj lwm saum toj no, ntsug filling welding yog ntxiv. Vertical filling welding yuav tsum ua kom tiav ib zaug tom qab pib lub arc, thiab lub arc yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, vim hais tias cov welded sib koom ua ke ntawm txoj hauj lwm no yog qhov ntom ntom porosity. Vertical muab tub lim feem ntau tsis oscillate tom qab thiab nqis nrog lub pas dej molten. Ib me ntsis convex los yog tiaj tus muab tub lim hlaws tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm txoj haujlwm ntsug vuam. Qhov no tuaj yeem zam qhov concave zoo ntawm cov weld nto ntawm lub hau npog thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws weld yog qis dua lub hauv paus hlau. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv ntawm vuam txheej txheem tsis rau ntsug filling vuam yog qhov siab vuam hlau pub ceev thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj vuam voltage, uas tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm porosity.

4. Npog vuam

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib sau vuam, tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txheej txheem vuam. Vim lub siab deposition efficiency ntawm semi-automatic tiv thaiv vuam, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau cov kev xaiv ntawm vuam txheej txheem tsis thaum welding lub npog nto. Tus yuam sij rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem tsis yog hlau pub ceev, voltage, trailing lub kaum sab xis, qhuav elongation thiab vuam ceev. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, lub xaim pub nrawm dua, qhov hluav taws xob qis dua (kwv yees li ib lub volt qis dua qhov hluav taws xob sib piv cov xov hlau zoo li qub), qhov ntev qhuav elongation, thiab vuam ceev kom ntseeg tau tias vuam arc ib txwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub pas dej welding. Thaum 5 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj, 7 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj, qhov qhuav elongation tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los thawb vuam, kom cov hlaws nyias nyias tuaj yeem tau txais kom tsis txhob muaj qhov siab tshaj ntawm qhov rov qab vuam. ntawm cov hlaws dai. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov vuam qhov tshwm sim los ntawm lub hau welding ntawm qhov nce toj thiab ntsug vuam qhov chaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau welding qhov ntsug vuam ib zaug. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub tsim welded pob qij txha thaum 2 teev sawv ntxov-4:30, 10 teev sawv ntxov-8:30 teev tsaus ntuj. , Yog li kom tsis txhob tsim cov stomata. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm qhov chaw nce toj, qhov vuam seam ntawm 4:30 txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj, 8:30 thiab 6 teev tsaus ntuj, thiab tom qab ntawd 12 teev-4:30 teev tsaus ntuj. teev thiab 12 teev yog welded Lub weld nruab nrab ntawm lub tswb thiab ib nrab ntawm yim teev tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm huab cua hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm txoj kab nqes. Cov txheej txheem vuam tsis zoo ntawm lub npog vuam yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov vuam kub, tab sis cov hlau pub ceev yog me ntsis siab dua.

5.Semi-automatic vuam tswj ntawm vuam tsis xws luag

Tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm semi-automatic tiv thaiv vuam yog ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Nco ntsoov khaws lub vuam arc nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub vuam pas dej ua ke thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem thiab nyias txheej ceev ceev multi-pass vuam yog tus yuam sij kom kov yeej tag nrho cov vuam tsis xws luag. Tsis txhob hardness kom tau txais ib qho loj ib zaug dhau weld thickness Thiab xyuam xim rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam. Qhov vuam zoo yog feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau tsib qhov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov hlau pub ceev, vuam voltage, qhuav elongation, trailing kaum sab xis, vuam taug kev ceev. Hloov ib qho, thiab plaub qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua. Kho raws li.